What is the correct way to call a Python function from QML that will instantiate and return an object to QML, and have QML side be responsible for the lifetime of the object? The problem I'm facing is that object gets garbage collected before it even reaches QML.
Note that I don't want to keep explicit references to the object on the Python side, and according to the following quote from the documentation what I'm looking for should even be the default behavior:
When data is transferred from C++ to QML, the ownership of the data always remains with C++. The exception to this rule is when a QObject is returned from an explicit C++ method call: in this case, the QML engine assumes ownership of the object...
I have created a minimal runnable example that demonstrates the problem (gist link):
main.py:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
import sys
import signal
from PyQt5.QtGui import QGuiApplication
from PyQt5.QtQuick import QQuickView
from PyQt5.QtCore import QUrl, QObject, QVariant, pyqtSlot
from PyQt5.QtQml import QQmlEngine, qmlRegisterType
class Dummy(QObject):
def __del__(self):
print("Deleted")
class GUIEntryPoint(QObject):
@pyqtSlot(result=QVariant)
def get_foo(self):
foo = Dummy()
print("Created {}".format(foo))
print("Ownership after instantiation: {}".format(QQmlEngine.objectOwnership(foo)))
#QQmlEngine.setObjectOwnership(foo, 1) # has no effect
return foo
@pyqtSlot(QVariant)
def print_foo(self, foo):
print("{}, ownership: {}".format(foo, QQmlEngine.objectOwnership(foo)))
def run():
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.SIG_DFL)
app = QGuiApplication(sys.argv)
# these don't seem to make a difference
qmlRegisterType(GUIEntryPoint, 'GUIEntryPoint', 1, 0, 'GUIEntryPoint')
qmlRegisterType(Dummy, 'Dummy', 1, 0, 'Dummy')
qml_url = QUrl.fromLocalFile(os.path.join('zzz.qml'))
view = QQuickView()
gep = GUIEntryPoint()
view.rootContext().setContextProperty('BE', gep)
view.setSource(qml_url)
view.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
if __name__ == '__main__':
run()
zzz.qml:
import QtQuick 2.2
Rectangle {
id: rootItem
width: 640
height: 400
property var pleaseKeepMe: BE.get_foo()
Component.onCompleted: {
console.log("Completed");
BE.print_foo(pleaseKeepMe); // prints None, it has been deleted
console.log("creating another");
var x = BE.get_foo();
// at this point x has already been deleted on the Python side
console.log("created another");
BE.print_foo(x); // prints None
console.log("\n\nPress CTRL-C to exit");
}
}
In short: using SIP Python API to transfer ownership to C++ while keeping the Python "part" of a QObject alive seemingly solves the issue, which is indeed an ownership one, as covered at (also see the comments in sources below):
On SIP API, see:
Also, some nice general advice is at:
A slightly modified example from the question, Python source:
from PyQt5.QtGui import QGuiApplication
from PyQt5.QtQuick import QQuickView
from PyQt5.QtCore import QUrl, QObject, QVariant, pyqtSlot
from PyQt5.QtQml import QQmlEngine, qmlRegisterType
import sip
def ownership(obj):
jsOwned = QQmlEngine.objectOwnership(obj) == QQmlEngine.JavaScriptOwnership
return "Javascript" if jsOwned else "Cpp"
def onDummytDestroyed():
print "Dummy destroyed"
class Dummy(QObject):
i = 0
def __init__(self):
#let's not forget to properly initialize the base part
super(Dummy, self).__init__()
self.i = Dummy.i
Dummy.i = Dummy.i + 1
def __del__(self):
#let's track when the Python part gets destroyed
# (or, rather, "finalized", or whatever the correct term is :) )
print "Dummy.__del__(), self.i:", self.i
@pyqtSlot(result="QString")
def get_str(self):
#let's have a Python (not C++) implemented method in the class
return "Dummy string #" + str(self.i)
class GUIEntryPoint(QObject):
def __init__(self):
#same as with Dummy.__init__
super(GUIEntryPoint, self).__init__()
@pyqtSlot(result=QVariant) #would also work
#@pyqtSlot(result=QObject)
def get_foo(self):
print "GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():"
foo = Dummy()
foo.setObjectName("Foo")
#let's track when the C++ part gets destroyed
foo.destroyed.connect(onDummytDestroyed)
#this would destroy the Python part of foo as soon as the reference
#goes out of scope (the C++ part stay alive and will be properly accessible from QML,
#but attempts to access Python-implemented methods like Dummy.get_str()
#would cause a TypeError hinting that there is no such method)
#sip.transferto(foo, None)
#this works as expected, with both Python (and then C++) parts of foo
#being destroyed whenever the QML GC decides to get rid of the object
#(see program output, notice how GC is silent for a while)
sip.transferto(foo, foo)
#this is indeed not needed, as proper ownership will be set
#when the object passes to the QML land through the slot invocation
#QQmlEngine.setObjectOwnership(foo, QQmlEngine.JavaScriptOwnership)
print " initial ownership: ", ownership(foo)
return foo
@pyqtSlot(QObject) #would also work
#@pyqtSlot(QVariant)
def print_foo(self, foo):
print "GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():"
print " objectName: ", foo.objectName()
print " ownership when on QML side: ", ownership(foo)
app = QGuiApplication([])
view = QQuickView()
#not needed, indeed, as both context objects (and properties),
#and QObject descendants passed to QML side are perfectly accessible
#(that is, their properties and invokables / slots are)
#without any additional steps
#(instantiating types declaratively would require registering them first, though,
#and having properties of custom types requires metatypes to be declared)
#qmlRegisterType(GUIEntryPoint, 'GUIEntryPoint', 1, 0, 'GUIEntryPoint')
#qmlRegisterType(Dummy, 'Dummy', 1, 0, 'Dummy')
gep = GUIEntryPoint()
view.rootContext().setContextProperty('BE', gep)
view.setSource(QUrl.fromLocalFile("pyqt-ownership-test.qml"))
view.show()
app.exec_()
QML source (save as pyqt-ownership-test.py):
import QtQuick 2.1
Rectangle {
width: 300
height: 200
color: "red"
border.width: 10
Component.onCompleted: {
console.log("Component.onCompleted():")
//increase the number to 1000 to see GC stepping in
//while the loop is still running
//(notice how destruction is not being reported for some objects,
//for example, #249 (the one created last),
//but this looks like a Qt/QML logging issue)
for (var i = 0; i < 250; i++) {
console.log("#" + i)
var foo = BE.get_foo()
console.log(" foo: " + foo)
console.log(" foo.objectName: " + foo.objectName)
console.log(" foo.get_str(): " + foo.get_str())
console.log(" print_foo():")
BE.print_foo(foo)
}
}
}
Program output (stripped in the middle to accomodate SO answer size limit):
Component.onCompleted():
#0
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
initial ownership: Cpp
foo: Dummy(0x22903d0, "Foo")
foo.objectName: Foo
foo.get_str(): Dummy string #0
print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
objectName: Foo
ownership when on QML side: Javascript
#1
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
initial ownership: Cpp
foo: Dummy(0x2290d20, "Foo")
foo.objectName: Foo
foo.get_str(): Dummy string #1
print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
objectName: Foo
ownership when on QML side: Javascript
#2
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
initial ownership: Cpp
foo: Dummy(0x2291080, "Foo")
foo.objectName: Foo
foo.get_str(): Dummy string #2
print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
objectName: Foo
ownership when on QML side: Javascript
#3
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
initial ownership: Cpp
foo: Dummy(0x22911e0, "Foo")
foo.objectName: Foo
foo.get_str(): Dummy string #3
print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
objectName: Foo
ownership when on QML side: Javascript
#4
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
initial ownership: Cpp
foo: Dummy(0x2291e90, "Foo")
foo.objectName: Foo
foo.get_str(): Dummy string #4
print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
objectName: Foo
ownership when on QML side: Javascript
#5
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
initial ownership: Cpp
foo: Dummy(0x2292b70, "Foo")
foo.objectName: Foo
foo.get_str(): Dummy string #5
print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
objectName: Foo
ownership when on QML side: Javascript
#6
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
initial ownership: Cpp
foo: Dummy(0x2293420, "Foo")
foo.objectName: Foo
foo.get_str(): Dummy string #6
print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
objectName: Foo
ownership when on QML side: Javascript
#7
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
initial ownership: Cpp
foo: Dummy(0x2296e30, "Foo")
foo.objectName: Foo
foo.get_str(): Dummy string #7
print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
objectName: Foo
ownership when on QML side: Javascript
#8
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
initial ownership: Cpp
foo: Dummy(0x22983b0, "Foo")
foo.objectName: Foo
foo.get_str(): Dummy string #8
print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
objectName: Foo
ownership when on QML side: Javascript
#9
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
initial ownership: Cpp
foo: Dummy(0x2299150, "Foo")
foo.objectName: Foo
foo.get_str(): Dummy string #9
print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
objectName: Foo
ownership when on QML side: Javascript
#10
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
initial ownership: Cpp
foo: Dummy(0x2299e60, "Foo")
foo.objectName: Foo
foo.get_str(): Dummy string #10
print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
objectName: Foo
ownership when on QML side: Javascript
#11
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
initial ownership: Cpp
foo: Dummy(0x229ab70, "Foo")
foo.objectName: Foo
foo.get_str(): Dummy string #11
print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
objectName: Foo
ownership when on QML side: Javascript
<...some lines skipped here...>
#245
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
initial ownership: Cpp
foo: Dummy(0x23007b0, "Foo")
foo.objectName: Foo
foo.get_str(): Dummy string #245
print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
objectName: Foo
ownership when on QML side: Javascript
#246
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
initial ownership: Cpp
foo: Dummy(0x22fe4d0, "Foo")
foo.objectName: Foo
foo.get_str(): Dummy string #246
print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
objectName: Foo
ownership when on QML side: Javascript
#247
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
initial ownership: Cpp
foo: Dummy(0x22fc5c0, "Foo")
foo.objectName: Foo
foo.get_str(): Dummy string #247
print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
objectName: Foo
ownership when on QML side: Javascript
#248
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
initial ownership: Cpp
foo: Dummy(0x22fa730, "Foo")
foo.objectName: Foo
foo.get_str(): Dummy string #248
print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
objectName: Foo
ownership when on QML side: Javascript
#249
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
initial ownership: Cpp
foo: Dummy(0x22f57b0, "Foo")
foo.objectName: Foo
foo.get_str(): Dummy string #249
print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
objectName: Foo
ownership when on QML side: Javascript
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 214
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 213
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 212
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 211
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 210
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 209
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 208
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 207
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 206
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 205
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 204
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 203
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 202
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 201
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 200
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 199
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 198
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 197
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 196
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 195
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 194
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 193
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 192
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 191
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 190
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 189
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 188
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 187
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 186
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 185
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 184
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 183
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 182
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 181
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 180
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 179
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 178
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 177
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 176
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 175
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 174
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 173
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 172
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 171
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 170
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 169
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 168
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 167
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 166
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 165
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 164
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 163
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 162
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 161
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 160
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 159
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 158
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 157
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 156
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 155
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 154
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 153
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 152
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 151
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 150
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 149
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 148
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 147
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 146
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 145
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 144
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 143
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 142
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 141
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 140
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 139
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 138
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 137
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 136
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 135
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 134
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 133
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 132
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 131
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 130
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 129
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 128
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 127
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Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 126
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 125
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 124
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 123
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 122
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 121
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 120
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 119
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 118
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 117
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 116
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 115
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 114
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 113
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 112
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 111
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 110
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 109
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 108
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 107
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 106
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 105
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 104
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 103
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 102
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 101
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 100
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 99
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 98
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 97
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 96
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 95
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 94
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 93
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 92
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 91
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 90
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 89
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 88
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 87
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 86
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 85
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 84
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 83
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 82
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 81
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 80
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 79
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 78
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 77
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 76
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 75
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 74
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 73
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 72
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 71
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 70
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 69
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 68
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 67
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 66
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 65
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 64
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 63
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 62
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 61
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 60
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 59
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 58
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 57
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 56
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 55
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 54
Dummy destroyed
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Dummy destroyed
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Dummy destroyed
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Dummy destroyed
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Dummy destroyed
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Dummy destroyed
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Dummy destroyed
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Dummy destroyed
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Dummy destroyed
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Dummy destroyed
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Dummy destroyed
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Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 23
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 22
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 21
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 20
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 19
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 18
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 17
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 16
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 15
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 14
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 13
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 12
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 11
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 10
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 9
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 8
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 7
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 6
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 5
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 4
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 3
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 2
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 1
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 0
Dummy destroyed
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