If you should ever encounter the following error when creating a Python
virtual environment using the pyvenv
command:
user$ pyvenv my_venv_dir
Error: Command '['/home/user/my_venv_dir/bin/python', '-Im', 'ensurepip', '--upgrade', '--default-pip']' returned non-zero exit status 1
... then the answer (below) provides a simple way to work around it, without resorting to setuptools
and it's related acrobatics.
If this command returns Can not perform a '--user' install. User site-packages are not visible in this virtualenv. then you are already in a Python virtual environment. You will need to deactivate this environment or contact your system administrator to install virtualenv for you in this environment.
A virtual environment is a tool that helps to keep dependencies required by different projects separate by creating isolated python virtual environments for them. This is one of the most important tools that most of the Python developers use.
Here's an approach that is fairly O/S agnostic...
Both the pyvenv
and python
commands themselves include a --without-pip
option that enable you to work around this issue; without resorting to setuptool
or other headaches. Taking note of my inline comments
below, here's how to do it, and is very easy to understand:
user$ pyvenv --without-pip ./pyvenv.d # Create virtual environment this way;
user$ python -m venv --without-pip ./pyvenv.d # --OR-- this newer way. Both work.
user$ source ./pyvenv.d/bin/activate # Now activate this new virtual environment.
(pyvenv.d) user$
# Within it, invoke this well-known script to manually install pip(1) into /pyvenv.d:
(pyvenv.d) user$ curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python
(pyvenv.d) user$ deactivate # Next, reactivate this virtual environment,
user$ source ./pyvenv.d/bin/activate # which will now include the pip(1) command.
(pyvenv.d) user$
(pyvenv.d) user$ which pip # Verify that pip(1) is indeed present.
/path/to/pyvenv.d/bin/pip
(pyvenv.d) user$ pip install --upgrade pip # And finally, upgrade pip(1) itself;
(pyvenv.d) user$ # although it will likely be the
# latest version already.
# And that's it!
I hope this helps. \(◠﹏◠)/
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