I'm intermidiate bee for python and would like to run the same class instances of few in parallel mode for fetching data and decision making for financial market. To proceed my idea, I run the following code to see how python works, it seems it works one complete run of first class instance and after second class instances, I would like to run this parallely, how can I...? Below is the some sample code for testing..
import threading
import time
class thr(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
self.x = 0
def run(self):
for i in list(range(10)):
self.x +=1
print("something {0} {1}".format(self.name, self.x))
time.sleep(1)
F = thr("First")
S = thr("Second")
threading.Thread(target=F.run())
threading.Thread(target=S.run())
and the results as below....
something First 1
something First 2
something First 3
something First 4
something First 5
something First 6
something First 7
something First 8
something First 9
something First 10
something Second 1
something Second 2
something Second 3
something Second 4
something Second 5
something Second 6
something Second 7
something Second 8
something Second 9
something Second 10
Out[27]: <Thread(Thread-25, initial)>
In fact, a Python process cannot run threads in parallel but it can run them concurrently through context switching during I/O bound operations. This limitation is actually enforced by GIL. The Python Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) prevents threads within the same process to be executed at the same time.
Both multithreading and multiprocessing allow Python code to run concurrently. Only multiprocessing will allow your code to be truly parallel.
Concurrency and Parallelism In the same multithreaded process in a shared-memory multiprocessor environment, each thread in the process can run concurrently on a separate processor, resulting in parallel execution, which is true simultaneous execution.
Python doesn't support multi-threading because Python on the Cpython interpreter does not support true multi-core execution via multithreading. However, Python does have a threading library. The GIL does not prevent threading.
The problem is here:
threading.Thread(target=F.run())
threading.Thread(target=S.run())
target=
takes a callable object or None
. F.run()
executes F.run
immediately, waits for it finish, and then passes the return value (which is None
in your run()
method) as the target.
You want something like this instead:
t1 = threading.Thread(target=F.run)
t2 = threading.Thread(target=S.run)
t1.start()
t2.start()
Note that there's no parentheses after run
Here's the complete program with the suggested change:
import threading
import time
class thr(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
self.x = 0
def run(self):
for i in list(range(10)):
self.x +=1
print("something {0} {1}".format(self.name, self.x))
time.sleep(1)
F = thr("First")
S = thr("Second")
t1 = threading.Thread(target=F.run)
t2 = threading.Thread(target=S.run)
t1.start()
t2.start()
And output (Python 3.6.1):
$ python sf.py
something First 1
something Second 1
something Second 2
something First 2
something Second 3
something First 3
something Second 4
something First 4
something Second 5
something First 5
something Second 6
something First 6
something Second 7
something First 7
something First 8
something Second 8
something First 9
something Second 9
something First 10
something Second 10
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