Python sys.stderr flush frequency

Question

How often does sys.stderr flush its buffer, and is this standard among different environments?

>>> import sys
>>> sys.__stderr__
<open file '<stderr>', mode 'w' at 0x2b4fcb7ac270>

I see that it is just a standard file type, but I don't know what value of buffering it's supposed to be. dir() does not seem to yield any useful information either.

Answer 1

Update: sys.stderr is line-buffered by default since Python 3.9. If python receives -u command-line option or $PYTHONUNBUFFERED environment variable is set, then stdout and stderr streams are forced to be unbuffered (including text layer since Python 3.7).

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^{old answer:}

On Python 2, I can't find where in the documentation sys.stderr's buffering is specified. I'd expect the same behaviour as stderr in C that is unbuffered (except Windows) and I don't know whether c99 standard mandates it. The standard error stream is not fully buffered in POSIX. -u option forces standard streams to be unbuffered in Python 2.

On Python 3:

When interactive, standard streams are line-buffered. Otherwise, they are block-buffered like regular text files. You can override this value with the -u command-line option.

-u command-line option:

Force the binary layer of the stdout and stderr streams (which is available as their buffer attribute) to be unbuffered. The text I/O layer will still be line-buffered if writing to the console, or block-buffered if redirected to a non-interactive file.