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I know that assignment is a statement in Python, i.e., it doesn't evaluate to a value unlike an expression. How does the following line of code work in Python, then? Please explain what happens internally in the Python interpreter (lexing, parsing, formation of abstract syntax tree).
# this works
spam = eggs = 'ham'
# this doesn't work. Throws SyntaxError
spam = (eggs = 'ham')
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Multiple assignment in Python: Assign multiple values or the same value to multiple variables. In Python, use the = operator to assign values to variables. You can assign values to multiple variables on one line.
Multiple variable assignment is also known as tuple unpacking or iterable unpacking. It allows us to assign multiple variables at the same time in one single line of code. In the example above, we assigned three string values to three variables in one shot. As the output shows, the assignment works as we expect.
Multiple assignment is slower than individual assignment. For example "x,y=a,b" is slower than "x=a; y=b". However, multiple assignment is faster for variable swaps. For example, "x,y=y,x" is faster than "t=x; x=y; y=t".
why the first line above works while the second doesn't?
It's not about operator precedence. It's a designated syntax. It cannot be "reconcilliated" by adding parenthesis.
Now for the full answer (as @Rob's comments already indicate) see here and here.
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