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dir() returns a list of all the defined names, but it is annoying to try to call function I see listed only to discover it is actually an attribute, or to try to access an attribute only to discover it is actually a callable. How can I get dir() to be more informative?
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The dir() function returns all properties and methods of the specified object, without the values. This function will return all the properties and methods, even built-in properties which are default for all object.
Attributes of a class can also be accessed using the following built-in methods and functions : getattr() – This function is used to access the attribute of object. hasattr() – This function is used to check if an attribute exist or not. setattr() – This function is used to set an attribute.
help() – it is built in function python which when executed, returns docstring along with module name, filename, function name and constant of the module passed as argument. dir()- it is built in function in python which is used to display properties and methods of object passed as an argument in it.
dir() function in Python. dir() is a powerful inbuilt function in Python3, which returns list of the attributes and methods of any object (say functions , modules, strings, lists, dictionaries etc.) Returns : dir() tries to return a valid list of attributes of the object it is called upon.
To show a list of the defined names in a module, for example the math module, and their types you could do:
[(name,type(getattr(math,name))) for name in dir(math)]
getattr(math,name) returns the object (function, or otherwise) from the math module, named by the value of the string in the variable "name". For example type(getattr(math,'pi')) is 'float'
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