Python: Add a column to numpy 2d array

Question

I have a 60000 by 200 numpy array. I want to make it 60000 by 201 by adding a column of 1's to the right. (so every row is [prev, 1]) Concatenate with axis = 1 doesn't work because it seems like concatenate requires all input arrays to have the same dimension. How should I do this? I can't find any existing useful answer, and most of the answers about this were written a few years ago so things might be different now.

Answer 1

Let me just throw in a very simple example with much smaller size. The principle should be the same.

a = np.zeros((6,2))
    array([[ 0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.],
           [ 0.,  0.]])
b = np.ones((6,1))
    array([[ 1.],
           [ 1.],
           [ 1.],
           [ 1.],
           [ 1.],
           [ 1.]])

np.hstack((a,b))
array([[ 0.,  0.,  1.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  1.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  1.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  1.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  1.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  1.]])

Answer 2

Using numpy index trick to append a 1D vector to a 2D array

a = np.zeros((6,2))
# array([[ 0.,  0.],
#        [ 0.,  0.],
#        [ 0.,  0.],
#        [ 0.,  0.],
#        [ 0.,  0.],
#        [ 0.,  0.]])
b = np.ones(6) # or np.ones((6,1))
#array([1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.])
np.c_[a,b]
# array([[0., 0., 1.],
#        [0., 0., 1.],
#        [0., 0., 1.],
#        [0., 0., 1.],
#        [0., 0., 1.],
#        [0., 0., 1.]])

Answer 3

Under cover all the stack variants (including append and insert) end up doing a concatenate. They just precede it with some sort of array reshape.

In [60]: A = np.arange(12).reshape(3,4)

In [61]: np.concatenate([A, np.ones((A.shape[0],1),dtype=A.dtype)], axis=1)
Out[61]: 
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3,  1],
       [ 4,  5,  6,  7,  1],
       [ 8,  9, 10, 11,  1]])

Here I made a (3,1) array of 1s, to match the (3,4) array. If I wanted to add a new row, I'd make a (1,4) array.

While the variations are handy, if you are learning, you should become familiar with concatenate and the various ways of constructing arrays that match in number of dimensions and necessary shapes.