Python 3: How do I get a string literal representation of a byte string?

Question

In Python 3, how do I interpolate a byte string into a regular string and get the same behavior as Python 2 (i.e.: get just the escape codes without the b prefix or double backslashes)?

e.g.:

Python 2.7:

>>> x = u'\u041c\u0438\u0440'.encode('utf-8')
>>> str(x)
'\xd0\x9c\xd0\xb8\xd1\x80'
>>> 'x = %s' % x
'x = \xd0\x9c\xd0\xb8\xd1\x80'

Python 3.3:

>>> x = u'\u041c\u0438\u0440'.encode('utf-8')
>>> str(x)
"b'\\xd0\\x9c\\xd0\\xb8\\xd1\\x80'"
>>> 'x = %s' % x
"x = b'\\xd0\\x9c\\xd0\\xb8\\xd1\\x80'"

Note how with Python 3, I get the b prefix in my output and double underscores. The result that I would like to get is the result that I get in Python 2.

Answer 1

In Python 2 you have types str and unicode. str represents a simple byte string while unicode is a Unicode string.

For Python 3, this changed: Now str is what was unicode in Python 2 and byte is what was str in Python 2.

So when you do ("x = %s" % '\u041c\u0438\u0440').encode("utf-8") you can actually omit the u prefix, as it is implicit. Everything that is not explicitly converted in python is unicode.

This will yield your last line in Python 3:

 ("x = %s" % '\u041c\u0438\u0440').encode("utf-8")

Now how I encode after the final result, which is what you should always do: Take an incoming object, decode it to unicode (how ever you do that) and then, when making an output, encode it in the encoding of your choice. Don't try to handle raw byte strings. That is just ugly and deprecated behaviour.