POS tagging in German

Question

I am using NLTK to extract nouns from a text-string starting with the following command:

tagged_text = nltk.pos_tag(nltk.Text(nltk.word_tokenize(some_string)))

It works fine in English. Is there an easy way to make it work for German as well?

(I have no experience with natural language programming, but I managed to use the python nltk library which is great so far.)

Answer 1

Natural language software does its magic by leveraging corpora and the statistics they provide. You'll need to tell nltk about some German corpus to help it tokenize German correctly. I believe the EUROPARL corpus might help get you going.

See nltk.corpus.europarl_raw and this answer for example configuration.

Also, consider tagging this question with "nlp".

Answer 2

The Pattern library includes a function for parsing German sentences and the result includes the part-of-speech tags. The following is copied from their documentation:

from pattern.de import parse, split
s = parse('Die Katze liegt auf der Matte.')
s = split(s)
print s.sentences[0]

>>>   Sentence('Die/DT/B-NP/O Katze/NN/I-NP/O liegt/VB/B-VP/O'
     'auf/IN/B-PP/B-PNP der/DT/B-NP/I-PNP Matte/NN/I-NP/I-PNP ././O/O')

Update: Another option is spacy, there is a quick example in this blog article:

import spacy

nlp = spacy.load('de')
doc = nlp(u'Ich bin ein Berliner.')

# show universal pos tags
print(' '.join('{word}/{tag}'.format(word=t.orth_, tag=t.pos_) for t in doc))
# output: Ich/PRON bin/AUX ein/DET Berliner/NOUN ./PUNCT

Answer 3

Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging is very specific to a particular [natural] language. NLTK includes many different taggers, which use distinct techniques to infer the tag of a given token in a given token. Most (but not all) of these taggers use a statistical model of sorts as the main or sole device to "do the trick". Such taggers require some "training data" upon which to build this statistical representation of the language, and the training data comes in the form of corpora.

The NTLK "distribution" itself includes many of these corpora, as well a set of "corpora readers" which provide an API to read different types of corpora. I don't know the state of affairs in NTLK proper, and if this includes any german corpus. You can however locate free some free corpora which you'll then need to convert to a format that satisfies the proper NTLK corpora reader, and then you can use this to train a POS tagger for the German language.

You can even create your own corpus, but that is a hell of a painstaking job; if you work in a univeristy, you gotta find ways of bribing and otherwise coercing students to do that for you ;-)

Answer 4

Possibly you can use the Stanford POS tagger. Below is a recipe I wrote. There are python recipes for German NLP that I've compiled and you can access them on http://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://github.com/alvations/DLTK/blob/master/docs/index.html

#-*- coding: utf8 -*-

import os, glob, codecs

def installStanfordTag():
    if not os.path.exists('stanford-postagger-full-2013-06-20'):
        os.system('wget http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/stanford-postagger-full-2013-06-20.zip')
        os.system('unzip stanford-postagger-full-2013-06-20.zip')
    return

def tag(infile):
    cmd = "./stanford-postagger.sh "+models[m]+" "+infile
    tagout = os.popen(cmd).readlines()
    return [i.strip() for i in tagout]

def taglinebyline(sents):
    tagged = []
    for ss in sents:
        os.popen("echo '''"+ss+"''' > stanfordtemp.txt")
        tagged.append(tag('stanfordtemp.txt')[0])
    return tagged

installStanfordTag()
stagdir = './stanford-postagger-full-2013-06-20/'
models = {'fast':'models/german-fast.tagger',
          'dewac':'models/german-dewac.tagger',
          'hgc':'models/german-hgc.tagger'}
os.chdir(stagdir)
print os.getcwd()


m = 'fast' # It's best to use the fast german tagger if your data is small.

sentences = ['Ich bin schwanger .','Ich bin wieder schwanger .','Ich verstehe nur Bahnhof .']

tagged_sents = taglinebyline(sentences) # Call the stanford tagger

for sent in tagged_sents:
    print sent

Answer 5

I have written a blog-post about how to convert the German annotated TIGER Corpus in order to use it with the NLTK. Have a look at it here.