I have the following source and destination tables in SQL Server 2008R2. How can I do pivot(s) in TSQL to transform SourceTbl
into DestTbl
? Hoping that the empIndex will somehow help in the pivot.
SourceTbl
empId empIndex empState empStDate empEndDate
========================================================
10 1 AL 1/1/2012 12/1/2012
10 2 FL 2/1/2012 2/1/2013
15 1 FL 3/20/2012 1/1/2099
DestTbl
empId empState1 empState1StDate empState1EndDt empState2 empState2StDate empState2EndDt
=========================================================================================================
10 AL 1/1/2012 12/1/2012 FL 2/1/2012 2/1/2013
15 FL 3/20/2012 1/1/2099 NULL NULL NULL
Pivoting is a technique used to rotate(transpose) rows to columns. It turns the unique values from one column in one table or table expression into multiple columns in another table. SQL Server 2005 introduced the PIVOT operator as a syntax extension for table expression in the FROM clause.
To have multiple columns: Click in one of the cells of your pivot table. Click your right mouse button and select Pivot table Options in the context menu, this will open a form with tabs. Click on the tab Display and tag the check box Classic Pivot table layout.
@RobVermeulen Yeah the unpivot function works great. I just updated my answer with a version that uses cross apply as well. The both will get the same result.
The pivot is basically used to transpose those multiple columns in to rows. In this section we will cover the Pivot statement in Oracle and will get idea about the SQL Pivot Multiple Columns with syntax. The pivot statement in oracle used to aggregate your results and convert rows in columns format.
A PIVOT relational operator is used to convert values of multiple rows into values of multiple columns. An UNPIVOT relational operator is used to convert values of multiple columns into values of multiple rows. In this blog, we'll discuss converting values of rows into columns (PIVOT) and values of columns into rows (UNPIVOT) in MS SQL Server.
If you want to use the PIVOT function to get the result, then I would recommend first unpivoting the columns empState, empStDate and empEndDate so you will have multiple rows first. You can use the UNPIVOT function or CROSS APPLY to convert the data the code will be: See Demo.
See SQL Fiddle with Demo. If you want to use the PIVOT function to get the result, then I would recommend first unpivoting the columns empState, empStDate and empEndDate so you will have multiple rows first. You can use the UNPIVOT function or CROSS APPLY to convert the data the code will be:
Since you are using SQL Server there are several different ways that you can convert the rows into columns. You can use an aggregate function with a CASE expression:
select empid,
max(case when empindex = 1 then empstate end) empState1,
max(case when empindex = 1 then empStDate end) empStDate1,
max(case when empindex = 1 then empEndDate end) empEndDate1,
max(case when empindex = 2 then empstate end) empState2,
max(case when empindex = 2 then empStDate end) empStDate2,
max(case when empindex = 2 then empEndDate end) empEndDate2
from sourcetbl
group by empid;
See SQL Fiddle with Demo.
If you want to use the PIVOT function to get the result, then I would recommend first unpivoting the columns empState
, empStDate
and empEndDate
so you will have multiple rows first. You can use the UNPIVOT function or CROSS APPLY to convert the data the code will be:
select empid, col+cast(empindex as varchar(10)) col, value
from sourcetbl
cross apply
(
select 'empstate', empstate union all
select 'empstdate', convert(varchar(10), empstdate, 120) union all
select 'empenddate', convert(varchar(10), empenddate, 120)
) c (col, value);
See Demo. Once the data is unpivoted, then you can apply the PIVOT function so the final code will be:
select empid,
empState1, empStDate1, empEndDate1,
empState2, empStDate2, empEndDate2
from
(
select empid, col+cast(empindex as varchar(10)) col, value
from sourcetbl
cross apply
(
select 'empstate', empstate union all
select 'empstdate', convert(varchar(10), empstdate, 120) union all
select 'empenddate', convert(varchar(10), empenddate, 120)
) c (col, value)
) d
pivot
(
max(value)
for col in (empState1, empStDate1, empEndDate1,
empState2, empStDate2, empEndDate2)
) piv;
See SQL Fiddle with Demo.
Th above versions will work great if you have a limited number of empindex
, but if not then you can use dynamic SQL:
DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
@query AS NVARCHAR(MAX)
select @cols = STUFF((SELECT ',' + QUOTENAME(col+cast(empindex as varchar(10)))
from SourceTbl
cross apply
(
select 'empstate', 1 union all
select 'empstdate', 2 union all
select 'empenddate', 3
) c (col, so)
group by col, so, empindex
order by empindex, so
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)')
,1,1,'')
set @query = 'SELECT empid,' + @cols + '
from
(
select empid, col+cast(empindex as varchar(10)) col, value
from sourcetbl
cross apply
(
select ''empstate'', empstate union all
select ''empstdate'', convert(varchar(10), empstdate, 120) union all
select ''empenddate'', convert(varchar(10), empenddate, 120)
) c (col, value)
) x
pivot
(
max(value)
for col in (' + @cols + ')
) p '
execute sp_executesql @query;
See SQL Fiddle with Demo
You can use these queries to INSERT INTO your DestTbl
, or instead of storing the data in this format, you now have a query to get the desired result.
These queries place the data in the format:
| EMPID | EMPSTATE1 | EMPSTDATE1 | EMPENDDATE1 | EMPSTATE2 | EMPSTDATE2 | EMPENDDATE2 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 10 | AL | 2012-01-01 | 2012-12-01 | FL | 2012-02-01 | 2013-02-01 |
| 15 | FL | 2012-03-20 | 2099-01-01 | (null) | (null) | (null) |
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