Objective-C : #define vs extern const

Question

I know this question has been asked before, but I can't seem to find information about it in Apple's documentation; maybe some of you guys did.

A lot of Objective-C code has cross-file constants in a .h file, using #define. Others use the approach of a .m with constants and extern them in the .h file.

I understand the difference, both pros and cons, but does Apple state which one to use in iOS development?

Answer 1

Apple's recommendation is extern:

Define constants for strings used for such purposes as notification names and dictionary keys. By using string constants, you are ensuring that the compiler verifies the proper value is specified (that is, it performs spell checking).

Admittedly they are inconsistent about this sometimes.

Answer 2

A #define defines a macro which is replaced before compilation starts where as extern *** *const merely modifies a variable so that the compiler will flag an error if you try to change it. There are some cases in that you would use a #define because you can't use a extern *** *const. In theory a extern *** *const will take up memory and requires a reference to memory but this is insignificant as it maybe optimized away from the compiler.

extern *** *consts are a lot more compiler and debug friendlier then #defines this can be the deciding point when you decide which one to use.

Some see that pre-processor directives like #define are frowned upon which would suggest you should be using extern *** *const over #define

But whilst the pre-processor is frowned open some say it is more secure then a variable as it can't be changed at runtime whereas a variable can.

Both have there advantages and disadvantages and I don't think (I can't find anything myself) that Apple recommends one over the other. My personal opinion is to use a mix of them both using a pre-processor directive #define over a extern *** *const where it would seem more beneficial, this is what I do.