Object.getPrototypeOf() confusion

Question

How Object.getPrototypeOf(obj) works?

As per definition Object.getPrototypeOf(obj) should return prototype property of an Object or in another way it is same as obj.constructor.prototype.

Objects created with new use the value of the prototype property of their constructor function as their prototype.

Lets take an example:

>element = document.getElementById("test")

>a = Object.getPrototypeOf(element)
HTMLDivElement

Let's say HTMLDivElement is the prototype of element.

>a.constructor.prototype
HTMLDivElement

so a.constructor.prototype is HTMLDivElement so Object.getPrototypeOf(a) should return HTMLDivElement but it returns HTMLElement. I am totally confused with definition of getPrototypeOf().

>b = Object.getPrototypeOf(a)

HTMLElement ----> why? a.constructor.prototype is HTMLDivElement

Actually it's returning proto property of prototype, isn't it wrong as per definition of getPrototypeOf()?

>a.constructor.prototype.__proto__
 HTMLElement

Answer 1

quote from https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Core_JavaScript_1.5_Guide/Inheritance_Revisited

JavaScript is a bit confusing for developers coming from Java or C++, as it's all dynamic, all runtime, and it has no classes at all. It's all just instances (objects). Even the "classes" we simulate are just a function object.

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NOTE that prototype is also AN OBJECT, so it ALSO CAN HAVE IT'S OWN UNIQUE PROTOTYPE

so code that make you confuse look like this

a = Object.getPrototypeOf(element)
b = Object.getPrototypeOf(a)

can be translated to this

a = element.__proto__
b = element.__ptoto__.__proto__ 

I think it's now clear that a != b

---

1) Every object in JavaScript has a prototype, you can access it through the __proto__ property

2) Function is also an object in Javascript

3) Functions also have a prototype property

4) We can create objects in JavaScript by calling function with keyword new

4) Function prototype is the initial __proto__ for any objects created by them

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To create new object we can write something like this

//here we define a function
function SomeFunctionThatCreateObject() {
    this.someStringProperty = "blablabla";
} 

var obj = new SomeFunctionThatCreateObject(); //we create new object with function

var p = Object.getPrototypeOf(obj);

this code is equal to this

var SomeFunctionThatCreateObject = function(@this) {
    @this.someStringProperty = "blablabla";
    return @this;
};

SomeFunctionThatCreateObject.prototype = {}; //note that prototype is also an object

var obj = {};

obj = SomeFunctionThatCreateObject(obj);

obj.constructor = SomeFunctionThatCreateObject;

obj.__proto__ = SomeFunctionThatCreateObject.prototype;

var p = obj.__proto__;

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PS: also read this https://stackoverflow.com/a/9220317/474290 and this https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Core_JavaScript_1.5_Guide/Inheritance_Revisited