NoClassDefFoundError on runtime

Question

I'm migrating a project to Android Studio 3 and Gradle 3.

We have multiples modules, with different dependencies. When I compile the project, everything looks fine.

I have one module with executable classes (main) to generate some internal reports. The problem is that inside it, I'm using methods from another modules, and one of them is throwing NoClassDefFoundError. It worked fine before the migration.

Here are the gradle files. Let's say that ModuleA is the executable one, ModuleB is an intermediate one, and ModuleC is the one crashing:

ModuleA:

dependencies {
    compile project(':ModuleB')
    compile group: 'com.googlecode.protobuf-rpc-pro', name: 'protobuf-rpc-pro-duplex', version: '3.3'
    testCompile "junit:junit:4.12"
}
sourceSets {
    test {
        java {
            srcDirs = ['test']
        }
        resources {
            srcDirs = ['test']
        }
    }
}
test {
    afterTest { desc, result ->
        println "Executing test ${desc.name} [${desc.className}] with result: ${result.resultType}"
    }
    workingDir = new File(rootProject.projectDir, '/Output')
    jvmArgs "-Xmx1536m"
}

ModuleB:

dependencies {
  compile project(':ModuleC')
  compile project(':AnotherModule')
    compile group: 'com.h2database', name: 'h2', version:'1.3.176'
    compile group: 'com.google.code.gson', name: 'gson', version:'2.7'
    compile group: 'org.json', name: 'json', version:'20080701'
}

ModuleC:

dependencies {
    compile project(':AnotherModule')
    compile project(':AnotherModule')
    compile project(':AnotherModule')
    compile group: 'org.slf4j', name: 'log4j-over-slf4j', version:'1.7.25'
    compile group: 'org.slf4j', name: 'jul-to-slf4j', version:'1.7.25'
    compile group: 'com.google.protobuf', name: 'protobuf-java', version:'2.6.1'
    compile(group: 'com.google.inject', name: 'guice', version:'4.1.0', classifier:'no_aop') {
        exclude(module: 'aopalliance')
    }
    compile(group: 'com.mortennobel', name: 'java-image-scaling', version:'0.8.6') {
      exclude group: 'com.squareup.retrofit2', module: 'retrofit'
    }
    compile group: 'com.google.guava', name: 'guava', version: '19.0'
}

The class that can not be found is being used in ModuleC: com.google.common.base.Joiner and it's dependency (guava) it's being added inside it's gradle file

This is the error:

(1/124) RUNNING 'Internal check xxx'... 
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/google/common/base/Joiner  
at com.degoo.util.FirebaseAnalyticsUtil.adjustTestKeyForFirebase(FirebaseAnalyticsUtil.java:35)   
at com.degoo.util.FirebaseAnalyticsUtil.adjustPropertyString(FirebaseAnalyticsUtil.java:16)   
at com.degoo.splittestrunner.SplitTestRunner.getQuery(SplitTestRunner.java:109)   
at com.degoo.splittestrunner.SplitTestRunner.run(SplitTestRunner.java:67)   
at com.degoo.splittestrunner.SplitTestRunner.main(SplitTestRunner.java:50) 
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.google.common.base.Joiner   
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381)   
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)  
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:331)  
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)  ... 5 more

Any idea what can be happening? Thanks a lot!

EDIT:

This is the dependency tree if I run gradlew. Guava is present in compile, default, runtime and so on..

 runtime - Runtime dependencies for source set 'main' (deprecated, use 'runtimeOnly ' instead).
 +--- project :ProjectBackup
 |    +--- com.myapp:PackJPG:1.5
 |    +--- com.myapp:xz:1.2
 |    +--- org.ocpsoft.prettytime:prettytime:2.1.2.Final
 |    +--- joda-time:joda-time:2.1
 |    +--- project :ProjectCommon
 |    |    +--- project :Utilities
 |    |    +--- project :ProcessPriority
 |    |    |    +--- com.nativelibs4java:bridj:0.6.2
 |    |    |    |    \--- com.google.android.tools:dx:1.7
 |    |    |    +--- net.java.dev.jna:jna:4.1.0
 |    |    |    +--- net.java.dev.jna:jna-platform:4.1.0
 |    |    |    |    \--- net.java.dev.jna:jna:4.1.0
 |    |    |    +--- org.tinylog:slf4j-binding:1.2
 |    |    |    |    +--- org.tinylog:tinylog:1.2
 |    |    |    |    \--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:[1.6,1.8) -> 1.7.25
 |    |    |    \--- project :Utilities
 |    |    +--- project :ProjectHttp
 |    |    |    +--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.2
 |    |    |    +--- org.tinylog:jcl-binding:1.2
 |    |    |    |    +--- org.tinylog:tinylog:1.2
 |    |    |    |    \--- commons-logging:commons-logging:[1.2,1.3) -> 1.2
 |    |    |    \--- commons-codec:commons-codec:1.10
 |    |    +--- org.slf4j:log4j-over-slf4j:1.7.25
 |    |    |    \--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.25
 |    |    +--- org.slf4j:jul-to-slf4j:1.7.25
 |    |    |    \--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.25
 |    |    +--- com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:2.6.1
 |    |    +--- com.google.inject:guice:4.1.0
 |    |    |    +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
 |    |    |    \--- com.google.guava:guava:19.0
 |    |    +--- org.bouncycastle:bcprov-jdk16:1.46
 |    |    +--- com.mortennobel:java-image-scaling:0.8.6
 |    |    |    \--- com.jhlabs:filters:2.0.235
 |    |    +--- com.google.guava:guava:19.0
 |    |    \--- com.drewnoakes:metadata-extractor:2.9.1
 |    |         \--- com.adobe.xmp:xmpcore:5.1.2
 |    +--- project :PackJPGInterFileCompression
 |    |    +--- project :ProjectCommon (*)
 |    |    \--- com.myapp:PackJPG:1.5
 |    +--- com.h2database:h2:1.3.176
 |    +--- com.google.code.gson:gson:2.7
 |    +--- org.json:json:20080701
 |    \--- itadaki:jbzip2:0.9.1
 \--- com.googlecode.protobuf-rpc-pro:protobuf-rpc-pro-duplex:3.3
      +--- com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:2.6.1
      +--- io.netty:netty-transport:4.0.23.Final
      |    \--- io.netty:netty-buffer:4.0.23.Final
      |         \--- io.netty:netty-common:4.0.23.Final
      +--- io.netty:netty-common:4.0.23.Final
      +--- io.netty:netty-handler:4.0.23.Final
      |    +--- io.netty:netty-buffer:4.0.23.Final (*)
      |    +--- io.netty:netty-transport:4.0.23.Final (*)
      |    \--- io.netty:netty-codec:4.0.23.Final
      |         \--- io.netty:netty-transport:4.0.23.Final (*)
      +--- io.netty:netty-codec:4.0.23.Final (*)
      \--- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:1.7.2 -> 1.7.25

Edit:

We have another similar case (the same error) but with classLoader and tinyLog

Error: A JNI error has occurred, please check your installation and try again
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/pmw/tinylog/writers/Writer
    at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method)
    at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Class.java:2701)
    at java.lang.Class.privateGetMethodRecursive(Class.java:3048)
    at java.lang.Class.getMethod0(Class.java:3018)
    at java.lang.Class.getMethod(Class.java:1784)
    at sun.launcher.LauncherHelper.validateMainClass(LauncherHelper.java:544)
    at sun.launcher.LauncherHelper.checkAndLoadMain(LauncherHelper.java:526)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.pmw.tinylog.writers.Writer
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:331)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
    ... 7 more

Answer 1

It turned out to be a bug in IntelliJ/Android Studio: https://github.com/gradle/gradle/issues/1276. The iml file created after a Gradle sync did not set the dependencies in a correct way.

Answer 2

you can check jar files used in project after build, maybe find more than one class with different version in this path