NGINX is serving me php files instead of executing them

Question

I've found many people who had the same problem as me, however I couldn't find the right solution.

I'm running a NGINX server via vagrant and homestead. On the production end I'm using apache and therefore I have an htaccess:

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !(^cms-system/public|^assets)
RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ cms-system/public/$1 [L]

I use this htaccess to rewrite all urls (except cms-system/public and assets) to my index.php which is in cms-system/public.

I've tried to convert this htaccess to a nginx config with this tool: https://winginx.com/en/htaccess Which did not work very well.. I've made some adjustments. The exception rules work, however I can't get the rewrite for the index.php to work. Could someone please help me?

server {
    listen 80;
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name company.dev;
    root "/home/vagrant/company/";

    index index.html index.htm index.php;

    charset utf-8;

    location ~ ^/cms-system/public/(.*) {

    }

    location ~ ^/assets/(.*) {

    }

    location / {
        if ($request_uri !~ "-f"){
            rewrite ^(.*)$ /cms-system/public/$1 break;
        }
    }

# original location rule
#   location / {
#       try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
#   }

    location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
    location = /robots.txt  { access_log off; log_not_found off; }

    access_log off;
    error_log  /var/log/nginx/company.dev-error.log error;

    sendfile off;

    client_max_body_size 100m;

    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

        fastcgi_intercept_errors off;
        fastcgi_buffer_size 16k;
        fastcgi_buffers 4 16k;
        fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
        fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
        fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
    }

    location ~ /\.ht {
        deny all;
    }

    ssl_certificate     /etc/nginx/ssl/company.dev.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/company.dev.key;
}