.NET Tracing: What is the "Default" listener?

Question

Every example of tracing in .NET people remove the "Default" listener:

<configuration>   <system.diagnostics>     <sources>       <source name="TraceSourceApp" switchName="SourceSwitch" switchType="System.Diagnostics.SourceSwitch">         <listeners>           <add name="ConsoleListener"/>           <add name="ETWListener"/>           <remove name="Default"/>         </listeners> 

What is the Default listener, and why is it there by default?

A Microsoft guy did benchmarks of the overhead with different listeners:

Default                    |===============================14,196 ms=====/ /================>  TextWriterTraceListener    |=========211 ms======> EventProviderTraceListener |=> 77ms 

What is the Default trace listener, and why is it so slow? Is it OutputDebugString? Is OutputDebugString really two orders of magnitude slower than writing to a file?

Is there a .NET TraceListener that just uses OutputDebugString?

What is the default trace listener, why is it so slow, why is it customarily removed, and if it's so bad why is it the default?

Answer 1

It's not clear from that blog post how the code was run, but the DefaultTraceListener is documented like this:

By default, the Write and WriteLine methods emit the message to the Win32 OutputDebugString function and to the Debugger.Log method. For information about the OutputDebugString function, see the Platform SDK or MSDN.

So if Debugger.Log is actually printing to a UI window (and quite possibly scrolling it etc) I can see that causing a lot of the slowdown.