Need good language for math- and logic-heavy research programming

Question

Can anyone name a language with all the following properties:

1. Has algebraic data types
2. Has good support for linear algebra
3. Is fast(-er than python, at least)
4. Has at least some functional programming ability (I don't need monads)
5. Has been heard of, is not dead, and can interface on a C calling level

Answer 1

Scala

According to Wikipedia it has algebraic datatypes. And it is fast. Scala is both functional and object oriented. And it's a young language with a growing userbase but still to some extent compatible with Java.

There is a Scala library Scalala for linear algebra:

A high performance numeric linear algebra library for Scala, with rich Matlab-like operators on vectors and matrices; a library of numerical routines