MSSQL to MySQL migration - char encoding issues with UCS-2 surrogate pairs, how can I remove these from MSSQL database?

Question

I have been tasked with migrating a Microsoft SQL Server 2005 database to MySQL 5.6 (these are both database servers runnig locally) and would really appreciate some help.

-MSSQL source database has latin1 collation (so has ISO 8859-1 character set right?) but doesn't have any char/varchar fields (any string field is nvarchar/nchar) so all this data should be using the UCS-2 character set.

-MySQL target database wants the character set UTF-8

I decided to use the database migration toolkit in the latest version of the MySQL workbench. at first it worked fine and migrated everything as expected. But I have been totally tripped up upon encountering UCS-2 surrogate pair characters in the MSSQL database.

The migration toolkit copytable program did not provide a very useful error message: "Error during charset conversion of wstring: No error". It also did not provide any field/row information on the problem-causing data and would fail within chunks of 100 rows. So after searching through the 100 rows after the last successful insert I found that the issue seemed to be caused by two UCS-2 characters in one of the nvarchar fields. They are listed as surrogate pairs in the UCS-2 character set. They were specifically the characters DBC0 and DC83 (I got this by looking at the binary data for the field and comparing byte pairs (little endian) with data that was being migrated successfully).

When this surrogate pair was removed from the MSSQL database the row was migrated successfully to MySQL.

Here is the problem:

I have tried to search for these characters in a test MSSQL table (this chartest table is just various test strings an nvarchar field) to prepare a replacement script and keep getting strange results... I must be doing something incorrectly.

Searching for

SELECT * FROM chartest WHERE text LIKE NCHAR(0xdc83)

Will return any surrogate pair character (whether or not it uses DC83), but obviously, only if it is the only character (or part of the pair) in that field. This isn't a big deal since I would like to remove any instance of these anyway (I dont like to remove data like this but I think we can afford it).

Searching for

SELECT * FROM chartest WHERE text LIKE '%' + (NCHAR(0xdc83))+ '%'

Will return every row! Regardless of whether it even has a unicode character present in the field let alone the DC83 character. Is there a better way to find and replace these characters? Or something else I should try?

I have also tried setting the target databse, table, and field character set to UCS-2 but it seems as though it does not make a difference.

I should also mention that this migration is using live data (~50GB database!) while one of the sites that feeds it is taken offline so any solutions to this need to have a quick running time...

I would appreciate any suggestions very much! Please let me know if there is any information I have left out.

Answer 1

I had this error, and now I have discovered the source of the problem. I had a hard time finding out, so maybe this will be useful to someone, even though I realize, my problem and workaround may not be spot on matching op's original trouble.

I am migrating data from MSSQL to MySQL, and the content being migrated is html-content from Sitecore CMS (target CMS is Drupal, btw).

I've found, that I get this error when converting the database and hitting records, that contain Instagram-embeds. Instagram-embeds work in the way, that the embedded post data is copied to the embed code (instead of being loaded async., et.c. - even the image is included as base64-css...), and the young people nowadays tend to put a lot of emoji's in their image-descriptions (using their iPhones with Emoji keyboard). Emoji's are represented by 4-byte encoded characters, but MySQL utf8 only allows for 3-byte encoded unicode characters.

My initial error from running wbcopytables.exe (which is the non-GUI way of doing Migration Wizard in MySQL Workbench) was the

Error during charset conversion of wstring: No error

but upgrading MySQL Workbench to recent version (from 5.something to 6.x) makes the error a bit more descriptive, hinting table and column (alas, not row):

ERROR: Could not successfully convert UCS-2 string to UTF-8 in table [MyDatabase].[dbo].[MyTable] (column MyColumn). Original string: ...

Anyway - a solution *could* be to use utf8mb4 which would allow for the emoji's. Read more here.

But it looks like, it's a bad idea to do this in e.g. my case with Drupal.

So - the solution I ended up with was simply to strip these characters in my migrate-script. There is no point in keeping these for users of the site in question, since they are being displayed as rectangles on the webpage anyway. Since you can't search-and-replace with regex in SQL Server, I processed the data using a DAL and c# .NET, and I found the help here (thanks a ton, Jon Skeet) - turns out there is a regex-pattern for matching one half of a surrogate pair in UTF-16. See below (and use the pattern in another language if needed).

var noUcs2SurrogatePairsString = Regex.Replace(stringWithUcs2SurrogatePairs, @"\p{Cs}", string.Empty);

Answer 2

I had a very similar problem today, and I found that it was caused by empty strings, replaced them with NULLs or a value representing no data and the migration worked fine.

Answer 3

I solved just editing the "import data script.cmd" where it reads columns "As NVARCHAR" by replacing those with "VARCHAR" only.

Note: My table columns was VARCHAR type already, so... for some stupid reason the migration script improperly cast it to UNICODE (NVARCHAR) type.