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Maven: NoClassDefFoundError: org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner

I have a classpath issue.

  • Background: Building and running a Spring WebApp.
  • Originally it was one big project including dao/service/controller/webapp.
  • I have just broken my project into a maven module project essentially splitting the webapp from the dao and service layers.
  • Now my webapp junit tests do not run.
  • The junit code has not changed and I don't think the dependencies have changed (albeit shifted around).
  • Spring-test is in my local repository.
  • Spring-test is in my unit test runtime classpath (used mvn debug logging to check)
  • I have no other classpath issues. All dao module tests run fine

However, I get

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class
org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.

I will post my parent and child pom.xml. If anyone has a suggestion, I'd be very grateful.

Parent Pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
                             http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>jake</groupId>


    <artifactId>prototype3</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>


    <modules>
        <module>prototype3.model</module>
        <module>prototype3.service</module>
        <module>prototype3.testadmin.webapp</module>
    </modules>

    <properties>
        <spring.version>4.1.6.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <thymeleaf.version>2.1.4.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
        <webflow.version>2.4.0.RELEASE</webflow.version>
        <internalrepo.dir>C:\Users\jake\_servers\internalRepository</internalrepo.dir>
    </properties>


    <distributionManagement>
        <repository>
            <id>internal.repo</id>
            <name>Temporary Staging Repository</name>
            <url>file://${internalrepo.dir}</url>
        </repository>
    </distributionManagement>


    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
                <version>3.1.0</version>
            </dependency>


            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <!-- Spring Web Flow -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-webflow</artifactId>
                <version>${webflow.version}</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
                        <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-js</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-js</artifactId>
                <version>2.4.1.RELEASE</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
                        <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>


            <!-- javax -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
                <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
                <version>2.2.4</version>
            </dependency>


            <!-- Spring ORM support -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <!-- -hibernate -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
                <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
                <version>4.3.10.Final</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
                        <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
                <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
                <version>9.4-1200-jdbc41</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                        <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>1.2.14</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
                <artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
                <version>4.3.10.Final</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
                <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
                <version>5.1.3.Final</version>
            </dependency>


            <!-- Hibernate uses slf4j for logging, for our purposes here use the simple 
                backend -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
                <version>1.7.12</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
                <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
                <version>3.19.0-GA</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
                <version>1.2</version>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
                <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
                <version>1.1.2</version>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
                <version>4.0</version>
            </dependency>


            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>4.12</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.18.1</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>junit</groupId>
                        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.codehaus.plexus</groupId>
                        <artifactId>plexus-utils</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
                        <artifactId>maven-artifact</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.codehaus.plexus</groupId>
                        <artifactId>plexus-container-default</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId>
                        <artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
                <type>maven-plugin</type>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>

            <!-- Json -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
                <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
                <version>2.4.3</version>
            </dependency>

            <!-- thymeleaf -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
                <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring4</artifactId>
                <version>${thymeleaf.version}</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
                <artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>
                <version>${thymeleaf.version}</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
                        <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
                <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-tiles2</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
                        <artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                        <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
                <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-tiles2-spring4</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
                        <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring4</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
                        <artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
                <version>1.10</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.1</version>
            </dependency>

<!--  Our Own-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>jake</groupId>
                <artifactId>prototype3.model</artifactId>
                <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>jake</groupId>
                <artifactId>prototype3.service</artifactId>
                <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
            </dependency>



        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

Child Pom

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>jake</groupId>
        <artifactId>prototype3</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>prototype3.testadmin.webapp</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <deploy.directory>C:\Users\jake\_servers\tc8\webapps</deploy.directory>
        <deploy.name>prototype3</deploy.name>
        <l4j.test>C:\Users\jake\__workspace\prototype3\prototype3.testadmin.webapp\src\main\resources</l4j.test>
        <webinf.dir>C:\Users\jake\__workspace\prototype3\prototype3.testadmin.webapp\WebContent\WEB-INF</webinf.dir>
        <devroot.directory>C:\Users\jake\__workspace\prototype3\prototype3.testadmin.webapp\</devroot.directory>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spring Web Flow -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webflow</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-js</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <!-- javax -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <!-- Spring ORM support -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
        </dependency>



        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
            <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
            <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <type>maven-plugin</type>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Json -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- thymeleaf -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring4</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-tiles2</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-tiles2-spring4</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Our own -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jake</groupId>
            <artifactId>prototype3.model</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>jake</groupId>
            <artifactId>prototype3.service</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>




    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.3</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>



            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.6</version>
                <configuration>
                    <warSourceDirectory>WebContent</warSourceDirectory>
                    <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
                    <outputDirectory>${deploy.directory}</outputDirectory>
                    <webResources>
                        <!-- <resource> <directory>src\main\resources</directory> </resource> -->
                    </webResources>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-enforcer-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.4</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>enforce</id>
                        <configuration>
                            <rules>
                                <DependencyConvergence />
                            </rules>
                        </configuration>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>enforce</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.18.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/A01TestSuite.java</include>
                        <include>**/ServiceTestSuite.java</include>
                        <include>**/ZFlowTestSuite.java</include>
                    </includes>
                    <additionalClasspathElements>
                        <additionalClasspathElement>${webinf.dir}</additionalClasspathElement>
                    </additionalClasspathElements>
                    <systemPropertyVariables>
                        <log4j.configuration>file:${l4j.test}/log4j.test.properties</log4j.configuration>
                    </systemPropertyVariables>

                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.6.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <followSymLinks>false</followSymLinks>
                    <filesets>
                        <fileset>
                            <directory>${deploy.directory}/${deploy.name}</directory>
                            <includes>
                                <include>**/*</include>
                            </includes>
                        </fileset>
                        <fileset>
                            <directory>${devroot.directory}/target</directory>
                            <includes>
                                <include>**/*</include>
                            </includes>
                        </fileset>
                        <fileset>
                            <directory>${deploy.directory}</directory>
                            <includes>
                                <include>${deploy.name}.war</include>
                                <include>${deploy.name}</include>
                            </includes>
                        </fileset>
                    </filesets>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

        </plugins>
        <finalName>${deploy.name}</finalName>
    </build>




</project>

UPDATE

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.002 sec <<< FAILURE! - in jake.prototype2.test.testrunner.ServiceTestSuite initializationError(jake.prototype2.test.service.UserAdminServiceTest) Time elapsed: 0.002 sec <<< ERROR! java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source) at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.buildRunner(AnnotatedBuilder.java:104) at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AnnotatedBuilder.java:86) at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59) at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26) at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59) at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.runners(RunnerBuilder.java:101) at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.runners(RunnerBuilder.java:87) at org.junit.runners.Suite.(Suite.java:10

like image 613
Jake Avatar asked Nov 27 '15 05:11

Jake


2 Answers

I dont know why but in my case spring-boot-starter-test comes with junit 4.10 and I find that is compiled with 4.12, so after add

 <dependency> 
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version> 
</dependency>

Works fine. Maybe a misconfiguration in pom of spring-boot

like image 53
Carlos Lacerda Avatar answered Oct 09 '22 17:10

Carlos Lacerda


In a comment you've said that project compiles, but tests don't run. Maven-surefire-plugin may be the culpit (as it was in my case). I was getting the same error, but after a little digging I knew that:

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class
org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.

was caused by:

java.lang.IllegalStateException: SpringJUnit4ClassRunner requires JUnit 4.12 or higher.
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.<clinit>

which was thrown because maven-surefire-plugin wasn't picking test framework provider from the classpath but instead supplied its own outdated junit provider.

I get rid of the error by specifying JUnit artifact name:

<plugins>
...
    <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>{your.surefire.version}</version>
        <configuration>
            <junitArtifactName> junit:junit:{your.junit.version} </junitArtifactName>
        </configuration>
    </plugin>
...
</plugins>
like image 36
A. L. Avatar answered Oct 09 '22 19:10

A. L.