What class (if any) is called with this line of code?
Mage::getResourceModel('sales/order_invoice_collection')
Essentially I"m trying to figure out what database table is accessed with this resource model and how I can tweak that. Thanks!
The class you are looking for is this:
Mage_Sales_Model_Mysql4_Order_Invoice_Collection
located in app/code/core/Mage/Sales/Model/Mysql4/Order/Invoice/Collection.php.
If you take a look at the configuration for the sales module app/code/core/Mage/Sales/etc/config.xml, you can see the table name in the definition of the resource models:
<config>
    <global>
        <models>
            <sales_mysql4>
                <entities>
                    ...
                    <invoice><table>sales_flat_invoice</table></invoice>
                    ...
                </entities>
            </sales_mysql4>
        </models>
    </global>
</config>
To learn more about how Magento interacts with the database, you should read about models, resource models, and collections:
http://www.magentocommerce.com/knowledge-base/entry/magento-for-dev-part-5-magento-models-and-orm-basics
Try this to get the class resulting from a statement:
$obj = Mage::getResourceModel('sales/order_invoice_collection');
print get_class($obj);
                        In this instance it is loading
code/Core/Mage/Sales/Model/Mysql4/Order/Invoice/Collection.php 
which is class name:
Mage_Sales_Model_Mysql4_Order_Invoice_Collection
This can be determined by looking at the config.xml:
code/Core/Mage/Sales/etc/config.xml. 
In it under the models tag is the sales tag, which you know from 'sales' before the slash in the string. There it defines the resource model as sales_mysql4. So, if you call:
Mage::getResourceModel('module/everything_else')
the file loaded will be:
Module/Model/{contents of resourceModel tag}/Everything/Else.php
Hope that helps.
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