Linq: What is the difference between == and equals in a join?

Question

I always wondered why there's an equals keyword in linq joins rather than using the == operator.

Property deadline = (from p in properties  join w in widgets     on p.WidgetID equals w.ID  select p).First(); 

Instead of

Property deadline = (from p in properties  join w in widgets     on p.WidgetID == w.ID  select p).First(); 

[EDIT] Rephrased the question and revised the examples.

Answer 1

There's a nice explanation by Matt Warren at The Moth:

"The reason C# has the word ‘equals’ instead of the ‘==’ operator was to make it clear that the ‘on’ clause needs you to supply two separate expressions that are compared for equality not a single predicate expression. The from-join pattern maps to the Enumerable.Join() standard query operator that specifies two separate delegates that are used to compute values that can then be compared. It needs them as separate delegates in order to build a lookup table with one and probe into the lookup table with the other. A full query processor like SQL is free to examine a single predicate expression and choose how it is going to process it. Yet, to make LINQ operate similar to SQL would require that the join condition be always specified as an expression tree, a significant overhead for the simple in-memory object case."

However, this concerns join. I'm not sure equals should be used in your code example (does it even compile?).

Answer 2

Your first version doesn't compile. You only use equals in joins, to make the separate halves of the equijoin clear to the compiler.