laravel errno 150 foreign key constraint is incorrectly formed

Question

Can anybody help me to solve this problem?

There are 3 tables with 2 foreign keys:

Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->increments('id');
    $table->string('name');
    $table->string('email')->unique();
    $table->string('password');
    $table->rememberToken();
    $table->timestamps();
});

Schema::create('firms', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->increments('id');
    $table->string('title')->nullable();
    $table->integer('user_id')->unsigned()->nullable();
    $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users');
    $table->timestamps();
});

Schema::create('jobs', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->increments('id');
    $table->string('title')->nullable();
    $table->integer('firm_id')->unsigned()->nullable();
    $table->foreign('firm_id')->references('id')->on('firms');
    $table->timestamps();
});
                    

Error after running migration:

[Illuminate\Database\QueryException]
  SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1005 Can't create table `job`.`#sql-5fc_a1`
   (errno: 150 "Foreign key constraint is incorrectly formed") (SQL: alter ta
  ble `firms` add constraint `firms_user_id_foreign` foreign key (`user_id`)
  references `users` (`id`))

  [PDOException]
  SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1005 Can't create table `job`.`#sql-5fc_a1`
   (errno: 150 "Foreign key constraint is incorrectly formed")

Answer 1

In case of foreign keys, the referenced and referencing fields must have exactly the same data type.

You create the id fields in both users and firms as signed integers. However, you create both foreign keys as unsigned integers, therefore the creation of the keys fail.

You need to either add the unsigned clause to the id field definitions, or remove the unsigned clause from the foreign key fields.