Is there a better way to mimic Covariance in this example? Ideally I'd like to do:
private IDictionary<string, ICollection<string>> foos;
public IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, IEnumerable<string>> Foos
{
get
{
return foos;
}
}
But KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>
is not covariant.
Instead I have to do:
public IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, IEnumerable<string>>> Foos
{
get
{
return foos.Select(x =>
new KeyValuePair<string, IEnumerable<string>>(x.Key, x.Value));
}
}
Is there a better/cleaner way?
Hashtable represents a data structure that can store objects as key value pairs. You can search for a value in an instance of Hashtable class using the corresponding key. Note that both the key and the value that is stored in a Hashtable instance is of the object type. Note that the key cannot be null.
default equals to null. And default(KeyValuePair<T,U>) is an actual KeyValuePair that contains null, null .
To add key-value pair in C# Dictionary, firstly declare a Dictionary. IDictionary<int, string> d = new Dictionary<int, string>(); Now, add elements with KeyValuePair.
Unfortunately, KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>
is a struct; and structs don't exhibit variance in .NET.
You can of course solve this by writing your own covariant Pair
interface and some simple helpers to convert between sequences of KeyValuePair
and your custom Pair
interface. This will let you do:
var dict = new Dictionary<string, ICollection<string>>();
var view = dict.GetCovariantView(); // IEnumerable< IPair<string, ICollection<string> > >
// Notice that you can _widen_ both the key and the value types:
var dictView = view.CastPairs<object, IEnumerable<string>>(); // IEnumerable< IPair< object, IEnumerable<String> > >
// The `CastPairs` call is actually unnecessary provided you don't use `var` for the left-hand-side assignment.
// ...this is due to the implicit (and identity-preserving) variant interface conversion in C#, e.g.:
IEnumerable< IPair< Object, IEnumerable<String> > > dictView2 = view;
Console.WriteLine( Object.ReferenceEquals( view, dictView2 ) ); // --> True
Here's some example code that will let you achieve this:
// `out TKey` is for demonstration purposes. In production-quality code you probably should be using invariant key types.
public interface IPair<out TKey, out TValue>
where TKey : notnull
{
TKey Key { get; }
TValue Value { get; }
}
public class Pair<TKey, TValue> : IPair<TKey, TValue>
where TKey : notnull
{
public TKey Key { get; }
public TValue Value { get; }
public Pair(TKey key, TValue value)
{
this.Key = key;
this.Value = value;
}
public Pair(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> pair)
: this(pair.Key, pair.Value)
{}
}
public static class PairSequenceExtensions
{
public static IEnumerable<IPair<TKey, TValue>> GetCovariantView<TKey, TValue>(this IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> source)
where TKey : notnull
{
if (source is null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(source));
return source.Select(kvp => new Pair<TKey, TValue>(kvp));
}
public static IEnumerable<IPair<TKey, TValue>> CastPairs<TKey, TValue>(this IEnumerable<IPair<TKey, TValue>> source)
where TKey : notnull
{
if (source is null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(source));
return source;
}
}
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