JavaScript: function returning an object

Question

I'm taking some JavaScript/jQuery lessons at codecademy.com. Normally the lessons provide answers or hints, but for this one it doesn't give any help and I'm a little confused by the instructions.

It says to make the function makeGamePlayer return an object with three keys.

//First, the object creator function makeGamePlayer(name,totalScore,gamesPlayed) {     //should return an object with three keys:     // name     // totalScore     // gamesPlayed } 

I'm not sure if i should be doing this

//First, the object creator function makeGamePlayer(name,totalScore,gamesPlayed) {     //should return an object with three keys:     // name     // totalScore     // gamesPlayed           this.name =  name;          this.totalScore = totalScore;          this.gamesPlayed = gamesPlayed; } 

or something like this

 //First, the object creator     function makeGamePlayer(name,totalScore,gamesPlayed) {         //should return an object with three keys:         // name         // totalScore         // gamesPlayed           var obj = {              this.name =  name;              this.totalScore = totalScore;              this.gamesPlayed = gamesPlayed;           }     } 

I have to be able to modify the properties of the object after its created.

Answer 1

In JavaScript, most functions are both callable and instantiable: they have both a [[Call]] and [[Construct]] internal methods.

As callable objects, you can use parentheses to call them, optionally passing some arguments. As a result of the call, the function can return a value.

var player = makeGamePlayer("John Smith", 15, 3); 

The code above calls function makeGamePlayer and stores the returned value in the variable player. In this case, you may want to define the function like this:

function makeGamePlayer(name, totalScore, gamesPlayed) {   // Define desired object   var obj = {     name:  name,     totalScore: totalScore,     gamesPlayed: gamesPlayed   };   // Return it   return obj; } 

Additionally, when you call a function you are also passing an additional argument under the hood, which determines the value of this inside the function. In the case above, since makeGamePlayer is not called as a method, the this value will be the global object in sloppy mode, or undefined in strict mode.

As constructors, you can use the new operator to instantiate them. This operator uses the [[Construct]] internal method (only available in constructors), which does something like this:

1. Creates a new object which inherits from the .prototype of the constructor
2. Calls the constructor passing this object as the this value
3. It returns the value returned by the constructor if it's an object, or the object created at step 1 otherwise.

var player = new GamePlayer("John Smith", 15, 3); 

The code above creates an instance of GamePlayer and stores the returned value in the variable player. In this case, you may want to define the function like this:

function GamePlayer(name,totalScore,gamesPlayed) {   // `this` is the instance which is currently being created   this.name =  name;   this.totalScore = totalScore;   this.gamesPlayed = gamesPlayed;   // No need to return, but you can use `return this;` if you want } 

By convention, constructor names begin with an uppercase letter.

The advantage of using constructors is that the instances inherit from GamePlayer.prototype. Then, you can define properties there and make them available in all instances