java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/junit/platform/commons/PreconditionViolationException when trying run junit5 test with maven

Question

When trying to run tests using command mvn test I receive an error:

[ERROR] There was an error in the forked process
[ERROR] java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/junit/platform/commons/PreconditionViolationException
[ERROR] org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireBooterForkException: There was an error in the forked process
[ERROR] java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/junit/platform/commons/PreconditionViolationException
[ERROR]         at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.booterclient.ForkStarter.fork(ForkStarter.java:656)
[ERROR]         at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.booterclient.ForkStarter.run(ForkStarter.java:282)
[ERROR]         at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.booterclient.ForkStarter.run(ForkStarter.java:245)
[ERROR]         at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.AbstractSurefireMojo.executeProvider(AbstractSurefireMojo.java:1183)
[ERROR]         at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.AbstractSurefireMojo.executeAfterPreconditionsChecked(AbstractSurefireMojo.java:1011)
[ERROR]         at org.apache.maven.plugin.surefire.AbstractSurefireMojo.execute(AbstractSurefireMojo.java:857)
[ERROR]         at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.executeMojo(DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:137)
[ERROR]         at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:210)
[ERROR]         at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:156)
[ERROR]         at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:148)
[ERROR]         at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:117)
[ERROR]         at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:81)
[ERROR]         at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethreaded.SingleThreadedBuilder.build(SingleThreadedBuilder.java:56)
[ERROR]         at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute(LifecycleStarter.java:128)
[ERROR]         at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:305)
[ERROR]         at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:192)
[ERROR]         at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:105)
[ERROR]         at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute(MavenCli.java:956)
[ERROR]         at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain(MavenCli.java:288)
[ERROR]         at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:192)
[ERROR]         at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
[ERROR]         at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
[ERROR]         at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
[ERROR]         at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566)
[ERROR]         at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:282)
[ERROR]         at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:225)
[ERROR]         at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:406)
[ERROR]         at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:347)

I run it under IntelliJ 2008.1, using maven 3.6.1 and surefire plugin in version 2.22.1

I have following dependencies in pom:

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.junit.jupiter/junit-jupiter-api -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
    <version>5.5.0</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
    <version>5.5.0</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.junit.jupiter/junit-jupiter-params -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit-jupiter-params</artifactId>
    <version>5.5.0</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit-platform-launcher</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.0</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

...

<plugins>
    <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
    </plugin>
    <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
    </plugin>
</plugins>

Recently I wasn't able to run any test cases but now after some configuration tries I receive this error.

Answer 1

Remove junit-platform-launcher, junit-jupiter-engine and junit-jupiter-api.

Add junit-jupiter. (junit-jupiter is aggregator)

Sources:

• https://github.com/junit-team/junit5/issues/1773
• It worked for me.

Answer 2

adding following dependency helped in my case

 <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-platform-commons</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.2</version>
 </dependency>

Answer 3

As others suggested, using JUnit 5.5.2 version is the way to go here. There are different alternatives to achieve this:

1. If you're using spring-boot-starter-parent, you can upgrade it to 2.2.0.RELEASE
2. If you use spring-boot-starter-parent (or spring-boot-dependencies), you can define a property to update just JUnit: <junit-jupiter.version>5.5.2</junit-jupiter.version>
3. If you're having this issue just in Eclipse, you can update it and add the JUnit 5 library to the Java Build Path (Project > Java Build Path > Libraries > Add Library > JUnit > JUnit 5 > Finish)
4. You can add the Junit BOM, using 5.5.2 version (see Prasanth Rajendran or Ramit answer)

Answer 4

I got the same problem with Gradle build and I got my issue resolved using the JUnit Bill of Materials(BOM), which will take care of Junit's direct and transitive dependencies version.

dependencyManagement {
    imports {
        mavenBom "org.junit:junit-bom:5.5.2"
    }
}
dependencies {
...
    testCompile('org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api')
    testRuntime('org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine')
    testCompile('org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-params')
    testCompile('org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher')
    testCompile('org.junit.platform:junit-platform-runner')
}

NOTE: I have not specified the version because the Junit BOM will take care of the Junit dependencies' version management role.