Is there a simple way to compare BufferedImage instances?

Question

I am working on part of a Java application that takes an image as a byte array, reads it into a java.awt.image.BufferedImage instance and passes it to a third-party library for processing.

For a unit test, I want to take an image (from a file on disk) and assert that it is equal to the same image that has been processed by the code.

• My expected BufferedImage is read from a PNG file on disk using ImageIO.read(URL).
• My test code reads the same file into a BufferedImage and writes that to a byte array as PNG to provide to the system under test.

When the system under test writes the byte array to a new BufferedImage I want to assert that the two images are equal in a meaningful way. Using equals() (inherited from Object) doesn’t work (of course). Comparing BufferedImage.toString() values also doesn’t work because the output string includes object reference information.

Does anybody know any shortcuts? I would prefer not to bring in a third-party library for a single unit test in a small part of a large application.

Answer 1

This is the best approach. No need to keep a variable to tell whether the image is still equal. Simply return false immediately when the condition if false. Short-circuit evaluation helps save time looping over pixels after the comparison fails as is the case in trumpetlick's answer.

/**
 * Compares two images pixel by pixel.
 *
 * @param imgA the first image.
 * @param imgB the second image.
 * @return whether the images are both the same or not.
 */
public static boolean compareImages(BufferedImage imgA, BufferedImage imgB) {
  // The images must be the same size.
  if (imgA.getWidth() != imgB.getWidth() || imgA.getHeight() != imgB.getHeight()) {
    return false;
  }

  int width  = imgA.getWidth();
  int height = imgA.getHeight();

  // Loop over every pixel.
  for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
    for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
      // Compare the pixels for equality.
      if (imgA.getRGB(x, y) != imgB.getRGB(x, y)) {
        return false;
      }
    }
  }

  return true;
}

Answer 2

If speed is an issue, and both BufferedImages are of the same bit-depth, arrangement, etc. (which seems like it must be true here) you can do this:

DataBuffer dbActual = myBufferedImage.getRaster().getDataBuffer();
DataBuffer dbExpected = bufferImageReadFromAFile.getRaster().getDataBuffer();

figure out which type it is, e.g. a DataBufferInt

DataBufferInt actualDBAsDBInt = (DataBufferInt) dbActual ;
DataBufferInt expectedDBAsDBInt = (DataBufferInt) dbExpected ;

do a few "sanity checks" for equals on the sizes and banks of the DataBuffers, then loop

for (int bank = 0; bank < actualDBAsDBInt.getNumBanks(); bank++) {
   int[] actual = actualDBAsDBInt.getData(bank);
   int[] expected = expectedDBAsDBInt.getData(bank);

   // this line may vary depending on your test framework
   assertTrue(Arrays.equals(actual, expected));
}

This is close to as fast as you can get cause you are grabbing a chunk of the data at a time, not one at a time.