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If I have the following code:
array[index] = someValue;
does the someValue or the index get evaluated first?
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An array element is one value in an array. An array index is an integer indicating a position in an array. Like Strings, arrays use zero-based indexing, that is, array indexes start with 0.
array indices starting from 0.
The INDEX function returns a value or the reference to a value from within a table or range. There are two ways to use the INDEX function: If you want to return the value of a specified cell or array of cells, see Array form.
So array index starts from 0 as initially i is 0 which means the first element of the array.
The index is evaluated first. See JLS section 15.26.1, in particular:
15.26.1. Simple Assignment Operator =
...
If the left-hand operand is an array access expression (§15.13), possibly enclosed in one or more pairs of parentheses, then:
First, the array reference subexpression of the left-hand operand array access expression is evaluated. If this evaluation completes abruptly, then the assignment expression completes abruptly for the same reason; the index subexpression (of the left-hand operand array access expression) and the right-hand operand are not evaluated and no assignment occurs.
Otherwise, the index subexpression of the left-hand operand array access expression is evaluated. If this evaluation completes abruptly, then the assignment expression completes abruptly for the same reason and the right-hand operand is not evaluated and no assignment occurs.
Otherwise, the right-hand operand is evaluated. If this evaluation completes abruptly, then the assignment expression completes abruptly for the same reason and no assignment occurs.
TL;DR: The order is 1[2]=3
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