is NULL/false in C and C++ anything more than 0x0 / 0b0 / '\0' / 0 [duplicate]

Question

As mentioned in the question, I have been using NULL and false(in C++) interchangeably with 0 or 0x0 and so on. I was curious to know if they held any special meaning other than being synonyms of 0.

Answer 1

for some platforms NULL is not 0x0

---

From Is NULL in C required/defined to be zero? :

NULL is guaranteed to be zero, perhaps casted to (void *)¹.

C99, §6.3.2.3, ¶3

An integer constant expression with the value 0, or such an expression cast to type void *, is called a null pointer constant.(55) If a null pointer constant is converted to a pointer type, the resulting pointer, called a null pointer, is guaranteed to compare unequal to a pointer to any object or function.

And note 55 says:

55) The macro NULL is defined in <stddef.h> (and other headers) as a null pointer constant.

Notice that, because of how the rules for null pointers are formulated, the value you use to assign/compare null pointers is guaranteed to be zero, but the bit pattern actually stored inside the pointer can be any other thing (but AFAIK only few very esoteric platforms exploited this fact, and this should not be a problem anyway since to "see" the underlying bit pattern you should go into UB-land anyway).

---

So, as far as the standard is concerned, the two forms are equivalent (!ptr is equivalent to ptr==0 due to §6.5.3.3 ¶5, and ptr==0 is equivalent to ptr==NULL); if(!ptr) is also quite idiomatic.

That being said, I usually write explicitly if(ptr==NULL) instead of if(!ptr) to make it extra clear that I'm checking a pointer for nullity instead of some boolean value.

---

1. Notice that in C++ the void * cast cannot be present due to the stricter implicit casting rules that would make the usage of such NULL cumbersome (you would have to explicitly convert it to the compared pointer's type every time).