Is JavaScript compiled to machine code when executed in a Web Browser Environment?

Question

I'm trying to get a better understanding of how JavaScript is executed in a web browser environment.

In terms of Node.js, I understand that the JavaScript code written in a Node.JS program is compiled with C++ code (V8), and ultimately becomes machine code. Since Node.js can interact with the filesystem and other machine level tasks, to me it makes sense why it has to eventually become machine code.

I feel differently about the web browser environment. From my understanding, the main goal is to interact with the DOM. Does JavaScript need to be compiled into machine code to just interact with the DOM?

I'm puzzled by this. Node.js and Chrome both run on V8. V8 is written in C++ and to my knowledge, compiles JavaScript code into machine code a processor can understand.

You need a JavaScript engine to implement ECMA-262, that is the whole purpose of an engine (I think?). But, does a web browser need JavaScript to be compiled to a Machine Language Level, what machine operations is it performing?

Here are a few articles I've researched, unfortunately, I haven't found an answer to my question in them:

• JavaScript Engine - Wiki
• How the V8 Engine Works
• How do Browsers Handle JavaScript

Answer 1

The engine is written in C++, then this code is translated into machine code by a compiler. Once the code is in machine language, it can be run by the computer. While the engine is running, it can read code written in JavaScript, interpret it, and execute what the code is asking it to do. In this case, what is actually running in the computer is the engine code, that just happens to be doing what another code is telling it to do. The difference between node and a browser is that the browser won't do anything that a JavaScript is asking it to do. Another thing to keep in mind is that some browsers and node translates JavaScript code to machine code in real time to get more speed. Browsers are also careful not to write machine code that is dangerous, but in theory that could happen.