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The following are both SHA256 hashes of an empty string, generated with PHP's crypt function.
$5$fooooooooooooooo$Y6IVN.cYkABQ4h8dCR0zL/rJoRx09pwMoGaYST9HqDD
$5$baaaaaaaaaaaaaar$C84IKQdPMG8qvnnckGZsyBJWKHuaSD0tqcmyueHI0GA
Each was generated with a different 16 bytes of salt present in the hash. Is there a way to merely test that they are hashes of the same thing, without knowing what that thing was?
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Yes, if you hash the same input with the same function, you will always get the same result. This follows from the fact that it is a hash-function.
While there are many types of two-way encryption, hash functions are one-way encryption, which makes them even tougher codes to crack.
Furthermore, a one-way hash function is designed in such a way that it is hard to reverse the process, that is, to find a string that hashes to a given value (hence the name one-way.) A good hash function also makes it hard to find two strings that would produce the same hash value.
You can't reverse hashing functions: they are not a form of encryption. That's why hashes are always the same length regardless of the input length: they throw away information in order to generate a (hopefully) unique value from the input.
No. The strings become completely unique once the salts are added, and there is no way of reversing a hashed string.
136
No. You could only do that if the same salt was used.
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