Is it possible to mock a static method on a final class using a PowerMockRule instead of the PowerMockRunner?

Question

According to the PowerMock docs, I should be able to run using a PowerMockRule instead of @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) and get the same results.

I seem to have found a case where this isn't true.

The below sample runs fine:

package com.test.powermockstatics;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.mockStatic;
import static org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.when;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;

final class FinalClassWithStaticCall {
  public static int getIntStatic() {
    return 1;
  }
}

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(FinalClassWithStaticCall.class)
public class TestStaticMockingWithoutPowerMockRunner {
  @Test
  public void testStaticCall() {
    mockStatic(FinalClassWithStaticCall.class);
    when(FinalClassWithStaticCall.getIntStatic()).thenReturn(2);

    assertEquals(FinalClassWithStaticCall.getIntStatic(), 2);
  }
}

But when switched to a rule like so:

package com.test.powermockstatics;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.mockStatic;
import static org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.when;

import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.agent.PowerMockAgent;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.rule.PowerMockRule;

final class FinalClassWithStaticCall {
  public static int getIntStatic() {
    return 1;
  }
}

@PrepareForTest(FinalClassWithStaticCall.class)
public class TestStaticMockingWithoutPowerMockRunner {
  static {
    PowerMockAgent.initializeIfNeeded();
  }

  @Rule
  public PowerMockRule rule = new PowerMockRule();

  @Test
  public void testStaticCall() {
    mockStatic(FinalClassWithStaticCall.class);
    when(FinalClassWithStaticCall.getIntStatic()).thenReturn(2);

    assertEquals(FinalClassWithStaticCall.getIntStatic(), 2);
  }
}

I get the following exception:

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Cannot subclass final class class com.test.powermockstatics.FinalClassWithStaticCall at org.mockito.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.generateClass(Enhancer.java:447) at org.mockito.cglib.core.DefaultGeneratorStrategy.generate(DefaultGeneratorStrategy.java:25) at org.mockito.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:217) at org.mockito.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.createHelper(Enhancer.java:378) at org.mockito.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.createClass(Enhancer.java:318) at org.mockito.internal.creation.jmock.ClassImposterizer.createProxyClass(ClassImposterizer.java:110) at org.mockito.internal.creation.jmock.ClassImposterizer.imposterise(ClassImposterizer.java:62) at org.powermock.api.mockito.internal.mockcreation.MockCreator.createMethodInvocationControl(MockCreator.java:111) at org.powermock.api.mockito.internal.mockcreation.MockCreator.mock(MockCreator.java:60) at org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.mockStatic(PowerMockito.java:70) at com.test.powermockstatics.TestStaticMockingWithoutPowerMockRunner.testStaticCall(TestStaticMockingWithoutPowerMockRunner.java:30) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17) at org.powermock.modules.junit4.rule.PowerMockStatement.evaluate(PowerMockRule.java:49) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:271) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:70) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

I am following the recommendation from the docs to:

put powermock-module-junit4-rule-agent before junit in the classpath

Does anyone know the official word if this is a bug in PowerMock or the desired behavior (i.e., you simply can't mock a static method on a final class using a PowerMockRule)?

EDIT:

Please see the clarifying details in the comments under Gábor Lipták's answer. I do not want to use a statically loaded Agent, since it appears the dynamically loaded Agent ought to be capable of getting the job done?

I know starting the agent statically will work. (Unfortunately this is not an option in my project.) So does anyone know if the failure of the dynamically loaded Agent is a bug in PowerMock? Or a known limitation; and why?

Answer 1

You need to prepare the class for test!

@PrepareForTest(MyFinalClass.class)

Answer 2

For mocking final classes classpath is not enough. You need JVM agent.

According to the docs:

In some cases (such as mocking final classes) it may be necessary to load the PowerMock agent eagerly in Maven in order for the tests to work in Surefire. If you experience this please add the following to your pom.xml:

Needed JVM argument to mock final classes:

-javaagent:${settings.localRepository}/org/powermock/powermock-module-javaagent/1.5.6/powermock-module-javaagent-1.5.6.jar