Is it appropriate to return HTTP 503 in response to a database deadlock?

Question

Is it appropriate for a server to return 503 ("Service Unavailable") when the requested operation resulted in a database deadlock?

Here is my reasoning:

• Initially I tried avoiding database deadlocks, but I ran across https://stackoverflow.com/a/112256/14731
• Next, I tried repeating the request on the server-side, but I ran across Java Servlets: How to repeat an HTTP request?. Technically speaking I can buffer the request entity but scalability will suffer and clients are more likely to see 503 Service Unavailable anyway.

Seeing as:

• It's easier to ask clients to repeat the operation.
• They need to be able to handle 503 Service Unavailable anyway.
• Database deadlocks are rather rare.

I'm leaning towards this solution. What do you think?

UPDATE: I think returning 503 ("Service Unavailable") is still acceptable if you wish it, but I no longer think it is technically required. See https://stackoverflow.com/a/17960047/14731.

Answer 1

I think semantically 409 Conflict is a better alternative - basically if you have a deadlock there's contention for some resource, and so the operation could not be completed.

Now depending on the reason for the deadlock, the request may not succeed if submitted a second time, but that's true for anything.

For a 503, as a client I'd implement some sort of back-away/circuit breaker operation as the system is rate limited, whereas 409 relates to the specific request.