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In Java, the inner class can access private members of enclosing class. But can the outer class access private members of inner class? This is irrespective of whether inner class is static or not. I thought this is not true but the following code seems to compile and work fine.
public class Outer {
class Inner {
private int i = 0;
private Inner() {}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Outer o = new Outer();
Outer.Inner oi = o.new Inner();
oi.i = 10;
}
}
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It can access any private instance variable of the outer class. Like any other instance variable, we can have access modifier private, protected, public, and default modifier. Like class, an interface can also be nested and can have access specifiers.
A nested class is a member of its enclosing class. Non-static nested classes (inner classes) have access to other members of the enclosing class, even if they are declared private.
Inner Class You just need to write a class within a class. Unlike a class, an inner class can be private and once you declare an inner class private, it cannot be accessed from an object outside the class. Following is the program to create an inner class and access it.
Since inner classes are members of the outer class, you can apply any access modifiers like private , protected to your inner class which is not possible in normal classes. Since the nested class is a member of its enclosing outer class, you can use the dot ( . ) notation to access the nested class and its members.
Yes, that's fine. From the JLS, section 6.6.1:
Otherwise, if the member or constructor is declared
private, then access is permitted if and only if it occurs within the body of the top level class (§7.6) that encloses the declaration of the member or constructor.
You can even refer to a private member of nested type X within another nested type Y so long as they share a top-level class.
At the bytecode level, I believe this is all implemented by adding synthetic package-access methods.
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