Ignoring values or NAs in the sample function

Question

I have a matrix in R that I would like to take a single random sample from each row. Some of my data is in NA, but when taking the random sample I do not want the NA to be an option for the sampling. How would I accomplish this?

For example,

a <- matrix (c(rep(5, 10), rep(10, 10), rep(NA, 5)), ncol=5, nrow=5)
a
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,]    5    5   10   10   NA
[2,]    5    5   10   10   NA
[3,]    5    5   10   10   NA
[4,]    5    5   10   10   NA
[5,]    5    5   10   10   NA

When I apply the sample function to this matrix to output another matrix I get

b <- matrix(apply(a, 1, sample, size=1), ncol=1)
b

     [,1]
[1,]   NA
[2,]   NA
[3,]   10
[4,]   10
[5,]    5

Instead I do not want the NA to be capable of being the output and want the output to be something like:

b
     [,1]
[1,]   10
[2,]   10
[3,]   10
[4,]    5
[5,]   10

Answer 1

There might be a better way but sample doesn't appear to have any parameters related to NAs so instead I just wrote an anonymous function to deal with the NAs.

apply(a, 1, function(x){sample(x[!is.na(x)], size = 1)})

essentially does what you want. If you really want the matrix output you could do

b <- matrix(apply(a, 1, function(x){sample(x[!is.na(x)], size = 1)}), ncol = 1)

---

Edit: You didn't ask for this but my proposed solution does fail in certain cases (mainly if a row contains ONLY NAs.

a <- matrix (c(rep(5, 10), rep(10, 10), rep(NA, 5)), ncol=5, nrow=5)
# My solution works fine with your example data
apply(a, 1, function(x){sample(x[!is.na(x)], size = 1)})

# What happens if a row contains only NAs
a[1,] <- NA

# Now it doesn't work
apply(a, 1, function(x){sample(x[!is.na(x)], size = 1)})

# We can rewrite the function to deal with that case
mysample <- function(x, ...){
    if(all(is.na(x))){
        return(NA)
    }
    return(sample(x[!is.na(x)], ...))
}

# Using the new function things work.
apply(a, 1, mysample, size = 1)

Answer 2

I think @Dason's solution works quite well, but you can also try this:

a <- matrix (c(rep(5, 10), rep(10, 10), rep(NA, 5)), ncol=5, nrow=5)
matrix(sample(na.omit(as.numeric(a)),ncol(a)))
     [,1]
[1,]   10
[2,]    5
[3,]   10
[4,]   10
[5,]    5

Even if there is a complete row with NA's or a complete column with NA'S, this solution can deal with perfectly, for instance:

set.seed(007)
a <- matrix(sample(1:100, 25), 5)
a[1,] <- NA
a[5,1] <- NA
a[,3] <- NA
a[5,5] <- NA
a[3,2] <- NA

matrix(sample(na.omit(as.numeric(a)),ncol(a)))
     [,1]
[1,]   40
[2,]    1
[3,]   42
[4,]   26
[5,]   32

I guess this is what you were looking for (at least this could be another approach).