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Is the client supposed to behave differently? How?
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Both forms of redirect send site users from one URL, or webpage, to another. There is a simple difference between a 301 and 302 redirect: a 301 redirect indicates that a page has permanently moved to a new location, meanwhile, a 302 redirect says that the page has moved to a new location, but that it is only temporary.
Each redirect serves a different purpose. For a permanent change that will rank for SEO, a 301 redirect is necessary and understood by search engines. 302 redirect should only be used if it is a temporary change, and they often get used because it's easier to create that instance than the permanent 301 redirect.
When Should You Use 302 Redirects? Use this type of redirect if you want to send users to a new site or page for a short period of time, such as when you're redesigning or updating your website. Only use a 302 if you're planning on eventually bringing the old page back or setting up a new one.
A 301 redirect is a permanent redirect that passes full link equity (ranking power) to the redirected page. 301 refers to the HTTP status code for this type of redirect. In most instances, the 301 redirect is the best method for implementing redirects on a website.
Status 301 means that the resource (page) is moved permanently to a new location. The client/browser should not attempt to request the original location but use the new location from now on.
Status 302 means that the resource is temporarily located somewhere else, and the client/browser should continue requesting the original url.
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When a search engine spider finds 301 status code in the response header of a webpage, it understands that this webpage no longer exists, it searches for location header in response pick the new URL and replace the indexed URL with the new one and also transfer pagerank.
So search engine refreshes all indexed URL that no longer exist (301 found) with the new URL, this will retain your old webpage traffic, pagerank and divert it to the new one (you will not lose you traffic of old webpage).
Browser: if a browser finds 301 status code then it caches the mapping of the old URL with the new URL, the client/browser will not attempt to request the original location but use the new location from now on unless the cache is cleared.
When a search engine spider finds 302 status for a webpage, it will only redirect temporarily to the new location and crawl both of the pages. The old webpage URL still exists in the search engine database and it always attempts to request the old location and crawl it. The client/browser will still attempt to request the original location.
Read more about how to implement it in asp.net c# and what is the impact on search engines - http://www.dotnetbull.com/2013/08/301-permanent-vs-302-temporary-status-code-aspnet-csharp-Implementation.html
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