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RGB = hsv2rgb( HSV ) converts the hue, saturation, and value (HSV) values of an HSV image to red, green, and blue values of an RGB image. rgbmap = hsv2rgb( hsvmap ) converts an HSV colormap to an RGB colormap.
Unlike in RGB, in HSL, both the Saturation and Lightness of a color can change. And these colors can be dull or vivid. The less of the color there is, the more it turns into a shade of grey. Saturation is how much of the color is present in the mix, and it controls how vivid or dull a color is.
HSL Color ValuesHue is a degree on the color wheel from 0 to 360. 0 is red, 120 is green, and 240 is blue. Saturation is a percentage value, 0% means a shade of gray, and 100% is the full color. Lightness is also a percentage value, 0% is black, and 100% is white.
Garry Tan posted a Javascript solution on his blog (which he attributes to a now defunct mjijackson.com, but is archived here and the original author has a gist - thanks to user2441511).
The code is re-posted below:
/**
* Converts an HSL color value to RGB. Conversion formula
* adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_color_space.
* Assumes h, s, and l are contained in the set [0, 1] and
* returns r, g, and b in the set [0, 255].
*
* @param {number} h The hue
* @param {number} s The saturation
* @param {number} l The lightness
* @return {Array} The RGB representation
*/
function hslToRgb(h, s, l){
var r, g, b;
if(s == 0){
r = g = b = l; // achromatic
}else{
var hue2rgb = function hue2rgb(p, q, t){
if(t < 0) t += 1;
if(t > 1) t -= 1;
if(t < 1/6) return p + (q - p) * 6 * t;
if(t < 1/2) return q;
if(t < 2/3) return p + (q - p) * (2/3 - t) * 6;
return p;
}
var q = l < 0.5 ? l * (1 + s) : l + s - l * s;
var p = 2 * l - q;
r = hue2rgb(p, q, h + 1/3);
g = hue2rgb(p, q, h);
b = hue2rgb(p, q, h - 1/3);
}
return [Math.round(r * 255), Math.round(g * 255), Math.round(b * 255)];
}
/**
* Converts an RGB color value to HSL. Conversion formula
* adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_color_space.
* Assumes r, g, and b are contained in the set [0, 255] and
* returns h, s, and l in the set [0, 1].
*
* @param {number} r The red color value
* @param {number} g The green color value
* @param {number} b The blue color value
* @return {Array} The HSL representation
*/
function rgbToHsl(r, g, b){
r /= 255, g /= 255, b /= 255;
var max = Math.max(r, g, b), min = Math.min(r, g, b);
var h, s, l = (max + min) / 2;
if(max == min){
h = s = 0; // achromatic
}else{
var d = max - min;
s = l > 0.5 ? d / (2 - max - min) : d / (max + min);
switch(max){
case r: h = (g - b) / d + (g < b ? 6 : 0); break;
case g: h = (b - r) / d + 2; break;
case b: h = (r - g) / d + 4; break;
}
h /= 6;
}
return [h, s, l];
}
Found the easiest way, python to the rescue :D
colorsys.hls_to_rgb(h, l, s)Convert the color from HLS coordinates to RGB coordinates.
Note that all integer are declared as float (i.e 1f) and must be float, else you will optain grey colors.
/**
* Converts an HSL color value to RGB. Conversion formula
* adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_color_space.
* Assumes h, s, and l are contained in the set [0, 1] and
* returns r, g, and b in the set [0, 255].
*
* @param h The hue
* @param s The saturation
* @param l The lightness
* @return int array, the RGB representation
*/
public static int[] hslToRgb(float h, float s, float l){
float r, g, b;
if (s == 0f) {
r = g = b = l; // achromatic
} else {
float q = l < 0.5f ? l * (1 + s) : l + s - l * s;
float p = 2 * l - q;
r = hueToRgb(p, q, h + 1f/3f);
g = hueToRgb(p, q, h);
b = hueToRgb(p, q, h - 1f/3f);
}
int[] rgb = {to255(r), to255(g), to255(b)};
return rgb;
}
public static int to255(float v) { return (int)Math.min(255,256*v); }
/** Helper method that converts hue to rgb */
public static float hueToRgb(float p, float q, float t) {
if (t < 0f)
t += 1f;
if (t > 1f)
t -= 1f;
if (t < 1f/6f)
return p + (q - p) * 6f * t;
if (t < 1f/2f)
return q;
if (t < 2f/3f)
return p + (q - p) * (2f/3f - t) * 6f;
return p;
}
/**
* Converts an RGB color value to HSL. Conversion formula
* adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_color_space.
* Assumes pR, pG, and bpBare contained in the set [0, 255] and
* returns h, s, and l in the set [0, 1].
*
* @param pR The red color value
* @param pG The green color value
* @param pB The blue color value
* @return float array, the HSL representation
*/
public static float[] rgbToHsl(int pR, int pG, int pB) {
float r = pR / 255f;
float g = pG / 255f;
float b = pB / 255f;
float max = (r > g && r > b) ? r : (g > b) ? g : b;
float min = (r < g && r < b) ? r : (g < b) ? g : b;
float h, s, l;
l = (max + min) / 2.0f;
if (max == min) {
h = s = 0.0f;
} else {
float d = max - min;
s = (l > 0.5f) ? d / (2.0f - max - min) : d / (max + min);
if (r > g && r > b)
h = (g - b) / d + (g < b ? 6.0f : 0.0f);
else if (g > b)
h = (b - r) / d + 2.0f;
else
h = (r - g) / d + 4.0f;
h /= 6.0f;
}
float[] hsl = {h, s, l};
return hsl;
}
The article for HSL and HSV on wikipedia contains some formulas. The calculations are a bit tricky, so it might be useful to take a look at existing implementations.
If you're looking for something that definitely conforms with the CSS semantics for HSL and RGB, you could use the algorithm specified in the CSS 3 specification, which reads:
HOW TO RETURN hsl.to.rgb(h, s, l):
SELECT:
l<=0.5: PUT l*(s+1) IN m2
ELSE: PUT l+s-l*s IN m2
PUT l*2-m2 IN m1
PUT hue.to.rgb(m1, m2, h+1/3) IN r
PUT hue.to.rgb(m1, m2, h ) IN g
PUT hue.to.rgb(m1, m2, h-1/3) IN b
RETURN (r, g, b)
HOW TO RETURN hue.to.rgb(m1, m2, h):
IF h<0: PUT h+1 IN h
IF h>1: PUT h-1 IN h
IF h*6<1: RETURN m1+(m2-m1)*h*6
IF h*2<1: RETURN m2
IF h*3<2: RETURN m1+(m2-m1)*(2/3-h)*6
RETURN m1
I believe this is the source for some of the other answers here.
Here is the code from Mohsen's answer in C# if anyone else wants it. Note: Color is a custom class and Vector4 is from OpenTK. Both are easy to replace with something else of your choosing.
/// <summary>
/// Converts an HSL color value to RGB.
/// Input: Vector4 ( X: [0.0, 1.0], Y: [0.0, 1.0], Z: [0.0, 1.0], W: [0.0, 1.0] )
/// Output: Color ( R: [0, 255], G: [0, 255], B: [0, 255], A: [0, 255] )
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hsl">Vector4 defining X = h, Y = s, Z = l, W = a. Ranges [0, 1.0]</param>
/// <returns>RGBA Color. Ranges [0, 255]</returns>
public static Color HslToRgba(Vector4 hsl)
{
float r, g, b;
if (hsl.Y == 0.0f)
r = g = b = hsl.Z;
else
{
var q = hsl.Z < 0.5f ? hsl.Z * (1.0f + hsl.Y) : hsl.Z + hsl.Y - hsl.Z * hsl.Y;
var p = 2.0f * hsl.Z - q;
r = HueToRgb(p, q, hsl.X + 1.0f / 3.0f);
g = HueToRgb(p, q, hsl.X);
b = HueToRgb(p, q, hsl.X - 1.0f / 3.0f);
}
return new Color((int)(r * 255), (int)(g * 255), (int)(b * 255), (int)(hsl.W * 255));
}
// Helper for HslToRgba
private static float HueToRgb(float p, float q, float t)
{
if (t < 0.0f) t += 1.0f;
if (t > 1.0f) t -= 1.0f;
if (t < 1.0f / 6.0f) return p + (q - p) * 6.0f * t;
if (t < 1.0f / 2.0f) return q;
if (t < 2.0f / 3.0f) return p + (q - p) * (2.0f / 3.0f - t) * 6.0f;
return p;
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts an RGB color value to HSL.
/// Input: Color ( R: [0, 255], G: [0, 255], B: [0, 255], A: [0, 255] )
/// Output: Vector4 ( X: [0.0, 1.0], Y: [0.0, 1.0], Z: [0.0, 1.0], W: [0.0, 1.0] )
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rgba"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Vector4 RgbaToHsl(Color rgba)
{
float r = rgba.R / 255.0f;
float g = rgba.G / 255.0f;
float b = rgba.B / 255.0f;
float max = (r > g && r > b) ? r : (g > b) ? g : b;
float min = (r < g && r < b) ? r : (g < b) ? g : b;
float h, s, l;
h = s = l = (max + min) / 2.0f;
if (max == min)
h = s = 0.0f;
else
{
float d = max - min;
s = (l > 0.5f) ? d / (2.0f - max - min) : d / (max + min);
if (r > g && r > b)
h = (g - b) / d + (g < b ? 6.0f : 0.0f);
else if (g > b)
h = (b - r) / d + 2.0f;
else
h = (r - g) / d + 4.0f;
h /= 6.0f;
}
return new Vector4(h, s, l, rgba.A / 255.0f);
}
Also from here, which explains the math of it very well.
This is basically a bunch of functions to convert to and from HSL (Hue Saturation Lightness)
Tested and working on PHP 5.6.15
TL;DR: The full code can be found here on Pastebin.
Input: Hex color in format: [#]0f4 or [#]00ff44 (pound sign optional)
Output: HSL in Degrees, Percent, Percent
/**
* Input: hex color
* Output: hsl(in ranges from 0-1)
*
* Takes the hex, converts it to RGB, and sends
* it to RGBToHsl. Returns the output.
*
*/
function hexToHsl($hex) {
$r = "";
$g = "";
$b = "";
$hex = str_replace('#', '', $hex);
if (strlen($hex) == 3) {
$r = substr($hex, 0, 1);
$r = $r . $r;
$g = substr($hex, 1, 1);
$g = $g . $g;
$b = substr($hex, 2, 1);
$b = $b . $b;
} elseif (strlen($hex) == 6) {
$r = substr($hex, 0, 2);
$g = substr($hex, 2, 2);
$b = substr($hex, 4, 2);
} else {
return false;
}
$r = hexdec($r);
$g = hexdec($g);
$b = hexdec($b);
$hsl = rgbToHsl($r,$g,$b);
return $hsl;
}
Input: RGB in range 0-255 Output: HSL in Degrees, Percent, Percent.
/**
*
*Credits:
* https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4793729/rgb-to-hsl-and-back-calculation-problems
* http://www.niwa.nu/2013/05/math-behind-colorspace-conversions-rgb-hsl/
*
* Called by hexToHsl by default.
*
* Converts an RGB color value to HSL. Conversion formula
* adapted from http://www.niwa.nu/2013/05/math-behind-colorspace-conversions-rgb-hsl/.
* Assumes r, g, and b are contained in the range [0 - 255] and
* returns h, s, and l in the format Degrees, Percent, Percent.
*
* @param Number r The red color value
* @param Number g The green color value
* @param Number b The blue color value
* @return Array The HSL representation
*/
function rgbToHsl($r, $g, $b){
//For the calculation, rgb needs to be in the range from 0 to 1. To convert, divide by 255 (ff).
$r /= 255;
$g /= 255;
$b /= 255;
$myMax = max($r, $g, $b);
$myMin = min($r, $g, $b);
$maxAdd = ($myMax + $myMin);
$maxSub = ($myMax - $myMin);
//luminence is (max + min)/2
$h = 0;
$s = 0;
$l = ($maxAdd / 2.0);
//if all the numbers are equal, there is no saturation (greyscale).
if($myMin != $myMax){
if ($l < 0.5) {
$s = ($maxSub / $maxAdd);
} else {
$s = (2.0 - $myMax - $myMin); //note order of opperations - can't use $maxSub here
$s = ($maxSub / $s);
}
//find hue
switch($myMax){
case $r:
$h = ($g - $b);
$h = ($h / $maxSub);
break;
case $g:
$h = ($b - $r);
$h = ($h / $maxSub);
$h = ($h + 2.0);
break;
case $b:
$h = ($r - $g);
$h = ($h / $maxSub);
$h = ($h + 4.0);
break;
}
}
$hsl = hslToDegPercPerc($h, $s, $l);
return $hsl;
}
For the math calculations, HSL is easier to deal with in the 0-1 range, but for human readability, it's easier in Degrees, Percent, Percent. This function takes HSL in the ranges 0-1, and returns HSL in Degrees, Percent, Percent.
/**
* Input: HSL in ranges 0-1.
* Output: HSL in format Deg, Perc, Perc.
*
* Note: rgbToHsl calls this function by default.
*
* Multiplies $h by 60, and $s and $l by 100.
*/
function hslToDegPercPerc($h, $s, $l) {
//convert h to degrees
$h *= 60;
if ($h < 0) {
$h += 360;
}
//convert s and l to percentage
$s *= 100;
$l *= 100;
$hsl['h'] = $h;
$hsl['s'] = $s;
$hsl['l'] = $l;
return $hsl;
}
This function converts HSL in the format Degrees, Percent, Percent, to the ranges 0-1 for easier computing.
/**
* Input: HSL in format Deg, Perc, Perc
* Output: An array containing HSL in ranges 0-1
*
* Divides $h by 60, and $s and $l by 100.
*
* hslToRgb calls this by default.
*/
function degPercPercToHsl($h, $s, $l) {
//convert h, s, and l back to the 0-1 range
//convert the hue's 360 degrees in a circle to 1
$h /= 360;
//convert the saturation and lightness to the 0-1
//range by multiplying by 100
$s /= 100;
$l /= 100;
$hsl['h'] = $h;
$hsl['s'] = $s;
$hsl['l'] = $l;
return $hsl;
}
Input: HSL in the format Degrees, Percent, Percent
Output: RGB in the format 255, 255, 255.
/**
* Converts an HSL color value to RGB. Conversion formula
* adapted from http://www.niwa.nu/2013/05/math-behind-colorspace-conversions-rgb-hsl/.
* Assumes h, s, and l are in the format Degrees,
* Percent, Percent, and returns r, g, and b in
* the range [0 - 255].
*
* Called by hslToHex by default.
*
* Calls:
* degPercPercToHsl
* hueToRgb
*
* @param Number h The hue value
* @param Number s The saturation level
* @param Number l The luminence
* @return Array The RGB representation
*/
function hslToRgb($h, $s, $l){
$hsl = degPercPercToHsl($h, $s, $l);
$h = $hsl['h'];
$s = $hsl['s'];
$l = $hsl['l'];
//If there's no saturation, the color is a greyscale,
//so all three RGB values can be set to the lightness.
//(Hue doesn't matter, because it's grey, not color)
if ($s == 0) {
$r = $l * 255;
$g = $l * 255;
$b = $l * 255;
}
else {
//calculate some temperary variables to make the
//calculation eaisier.
if ($l < 0.5) {
$temp2 = $l * (1 + $s);
} else {
$temp2 = ($l + $s) - ($s * $l);
}
$temp1 = 2 * $l - $temp2;
//run the calculated vars through hueToRgb to
//calculate the RGB value. Note that for the Red
//value, we add a third (120 degrees), to adjust
//the hue to the correct section of the circle for
//red. Simalarly, for blue, we subtract 1/3.
$r = 255 * hueToRgb($temp1, $temp2, $h + (1 / 3));
$g = 255 * hueToRgb($temp1, $temp2, $h);
$b = 255 * hueToRgb($temp1, $temp2, $h - (1 / 3));
}
$rgb['r'] = $r;
$rgb['g'] = $g;
$rgb['b'] = $b;
return $rgb;
}
This function is called by hslToRgb to convert the hue into the separate RGB values.
/**
* Converts an HSL hue to it's RGB value.
*
* Input: $temp1 and $temp2 - temperary vars based on
* whether the lumanence is less than 0.5, and
* calculated using the saturation and luminence
* values.
* $hue - the hue (to be converted to an RGB
* value) For red, add 1/3 to the hue, green
* leave it alone, and blue you subtract 1/3
* from the hue.
*
* Output: One RGB value.
*
* Thanks to Easy RGB for this function (Hue_2_RGB).
* http://www.easyrgb.com/index.php?X=MATH&$h=19#text19
*
*/
function hueToRgb($temp1, $temp2, $hue) {
if ($hue < 0) {
$hue += 1;
}
if ($hue > 1) {
$hue -= 1;
}
if ((6 * $hue) < 1 ) {
return ($temp1 + ($temp2 - $temp1) * 6 * $hue);
} elseif ((2 * $hue) < 1 ) {
return $temp2;
} elseif ((3 * $hue) < 2 ) {
return ($temp1 + ($temp2 - $temp1) * ((2 / 3) - $hue) * 6);
}
return $temp1;
}
Input: HSL in format Degrees, Percent, Percent
Output: Hex in format 00ff22 (no pound sign).
Converts to RGB, then converts separately to hex.
/**
* Converts HSL to Hex by converting it to
* RGB, then converting that to hex.
*
* string hslToHex($h, $s, $l[, $prependPound = true]
*
* $h is the Degrees value of the Hue
* $s is the Percentage value of the Saturation
* $l is the Percentage value of the Lightness
* $prependPound is a bool, whether you want a pound
* sign prepended. (optional - default=true)
*
* Calls:
* hslToRgb
*
* Output: Hex in the format: #00ff88 (with
* pound sign). Rounded to the nearest whole
* number.
*/
function hslToHex($h, $s, $l, $prependPound = true) {
//convert hsl to rgb
$rgb = hslToRgb($h,$s,$l);
//convert rgb to hex
$hexR = $rgb['r'];
$hexG = $rgb['g'];
$hexB = $rgb['b'];
//round to the nearest whole number
$hexR = round($hexR);
$hexG = round($hexG);
$hexB = round($hexB);
//convert to hex
$hexR = dechex($hexR);
$hexG = dechex($hexG);
$hexB = dechex($hexB);
//check for a non-two string length
//if it's 1, we can just prepend a
//0, but if it is anything else non-2,
//it must return false, as we don't
//know what format it is in.
if (strlen($hexR) != 2) {
if (strlen($hexR) == 1) {
//probably in format #0f4, etc.
$hexR = "0" . $hexR;
} else {
//unknown format
return false;
}
}
if (strlen($hexG) != 2) {
if (strlen($hexG) == 1) {
$hexG = "0" . $hexG;
} else {
return false;
}
}
if (strlen($hexB) != 2) {
if (strlen($hexB) == 1) {
$hexB = "0" . $hexB;
} else {
return false;
}
}
//if prependPound is set, will prepend a
//# sign to the beginning of the hex code.
//(default = true)
$hex = "";
if ($prependPound) {
$hex = "#";
}
$hex = $hex . $hexR . $hexG . $hexB;
return $hex;
}
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