How to: Write a thread-safe method that may only be called once?

Question

I'm attempting to write a thread-safe method which may only be called once (per object instance). An exception should be thrown if it has been called before.

I have come up with two solutions. Are they both correct? If not, what's wrong with them?

1. With lock:

   public void Foo()
   {
       lock (fooLock)
       {
           if (fooCalled) throw new InvalidOperationException();
           fooCalled = true;
       }
       …
   }
   private object fooLock = new object();
   private bool fooCalled;
   

2. With Interlocked.CompareExchange:

   public void Foo()
   {
       if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref fooCalled, 1, 0) == 1)
           throw new InvalidOperationException();
       …
   }
   private int fooCalled;
   

   If I'm not mistaken, this solution has the advantage of being lock-free (which seems irrelevant in my case), and that it requires fewer private fields.

I am also open to justified opinions which solution should be preferred, and to further suggestions if there's a better way.

Answer 1

Your Interlocked.CompareExchange solution looks the best, and (as you said) is lock-free. It's also significantly less complicated than other solutions. Locks are quite heavyweight, whereas CompareExchange can be compiled down to a single CAS cpu instruction. I say go with that one.