How to use RSpec's should_raise with any kind of exception?

Question

expect { some_method }.to raise_error

RSpec 1 Syntax:

lambda { some_method }.should raise_error

See the documentation (for RSpec 1 syntax) and RSpec 2 documentation for more.

RSpec 2

expect { some_method }.to raise_error
expect { some_method }.to raise_error(SomeError)
expect { some_method }.to raise_error("oops")
expect { some_method }.to raise_error(/oops/)
expect { some_method }.to raise_error(SomeError, "oops")
expect { some_method }.to raise_error(SomeError, /oops/)
expect { some_method }.to raise_error(...){|e| expect(e.data).to eq "oops" }

# Rspec also offers to_not:
expect { some_method }.to_not raise_error
...

Note: raise_error and raise_exception are interchangeable.

RSpec 1

lambda { some_method }.should raise_error
lambda { some_method }.should raise_error(SomeError)
lambda { some_method }.should raise_error(SomeError, "oops")
lambda { some_method }.should raise_error(SomeError, /oops/)
lambda { some_method }.should raise_error(...){|e| e.data.should == "oops" }

# Rspec also offers should_not:
lambda { some_method }.should_not raise_error
...

Note: raise_error is an alias for raise_exception.

Documentation: https://www.relishapp.com/rspec

RSpec 2:

• https://www.relishapp.com/rspec/rspec-expectations/v/2-13/docs/built-in-matchers/raise-error-matcher

RSpec 1:

• http://apidock.com/rspec/Spec/Matchers/raise_error
• http://apidock.com/rspec/Spec/Matchers/raise_exception

Instead of lambda, use expect to:

   expect { some_method }.to raise_error

This is applies for more recent versions of rspec, i.e. rspec 2.0 and up.

See the doco for more.

The syntax changed recently and now it is:

expect { ... }.to raise_error(ErrorClass)

From version 3.3 on rspec-expections gem raises a warning for a blank raise_error without a parameter

expect { raise StandardError }.to raise_error # results in warning
expect { raise StandardError }.to raise_error(StandardError) # fine

This gives you a hint that your code may fail with a different error than the test intended to check.

WARNING: Using the raise_error matcher without providing a specific error or message risks false positives, since raise_error will match when Ruby raises a NoMethodError, NameError or ArgumentError, potentially allowing the expectation to pass without even executing the method you are intending to call. Instead consider providing a specific error class or message. This message can be supressed by setting: RSpec::Expectations.configuration.warn_about_potential_false_positives = false.