How to use Persistent Connection of PDO? [duplicate]

Question

I have the following code and freshed this webpage in Firefox for 5 times, then the MySQL showed me 5 connections. According to the PDO Manual,

Persistent connections are not closed at the end of the script, but are cached and re-used when another script requests a connection using the same credentials. The persistent connection cache allows you to avoid the overhead of establishing a new connection every time a script needs to talk to a database, resulting in a faster web application.

I have used the same credentials, but the number of MYSQL connection keep increasing. Even trying to close connection with $db = null could not close the connections. What's wrong of my code?

<?php
try {
 $dbh = new PDO('mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=lingtong', 'root', 'xxxxxx', array(PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => true));
 foreach ($dbh->query('SELECT * from agent') as $row) 
  print_r($row);
 $dbh = null;
} catch (PDOException $e) {
 print "Error! : " . $e->getMessage() . "<br/>";
 die();
}

Answer 1

This question is very old but it will be okay if I contribute. I think you need to implement a singleton class for handling database connections I will write a sample class below ..

<?php
class DB{

//set the connection property to private to prevent direct access 
private static $conn;

//now since we dont want to reinstiate the class anytime we need it, lets also set the constructor to private 
private function __construct(){}

//now lets create our method for connecting to the database 
public static function connect(){

//now lets check if a connection exists already in our $conn property, then we should return it instead of recreating a new connection 
if(!empty(self::$conn)){
return self::$conn;
}//end if 

//upon reaching here means the $conn property is empty so lets create a new connection 

try {
 $dbh = new PDO('mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=lingtong', 'root', 'xxxxxx', array(PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => true));

//lets now assign the database connection to our $conn property 
self::$conn = $dbh;

//return the connection 
return $dbh;

} catch (PDOException $e) {
 print "Error! : " . $e->getMessage() . "<br/>";
 die();
}

}//end method 

}//end class

?>

Our singleton class can make only one connection and reuse it,let see how we can use our class

<?php 
$dbh = DB::connect();

foreach ($dbh->query('SELECT * from agent') as $row){ 
  print_r($row);
}
?>