How to print a QQuickView's contents to PDF?

Question

I'm upgrading some Qt (C++ & QML) code from Qt4.8 to Qt5.1.

The Qt4.8 code is a trivial C++ "QML viewer" app subclassing a QDeclarativeView, and a bunch of QML.

It's been easy enough to change this to use Qt5/QtQuick2's QQuickView except for one thing:

The Qt4.8 app has a method for printing to PDF:

void MyQMLViewer::printToPDF(const QString& filename) const {
  QPrinter printer(QPrinter::HighResolution);
  printer.setOutputFormat(QPrinter::PdfFormat);
  printer.setPageSize(QPrinter::A3);
  printer.setOutputFileName(filename);
  printer.setOrientation(QPrinter::Landscape);
  QPainter painter(&printer);
  render(&painter);
}

There were a few "environment" changes needed for Qt5.1 to get a QPrinter (ie add QT += printsupport to the project .pro file and #include <QtPrintSupport>), but there seems to be a more fundamental problem that QQuickView doesn't provide anything which is obviously compatible with the QGraphicsView/QPainter/QPaintDevice world of QPrinter (specifically, QQuickView has no render method, and all the drawing/painting/rendering-related methods it does have seem very tied up with OpenGL).

Any suggestions for how to best obtain high-quality PDF output from a QQuickView ?

(Note that I am not simply looking to screenshot the view; with QDeclarativeView, the code above generates PDFs with much better resolution even than the app fullscreened on my largest monitor).

I see the "QDeclarativeItem and QDeclarativeView" section of the "Porting QML Applications to Qt 5" guide does mention the loss of QGraphicsView-specific functionality, but doesn't offer any solutions (although it does mention workrounds for the case of items with custom QPainter-based rendering being bought into the new regime).

Update with some additional background info: an example of a PDF printed from QDeclarativeView using the above code can be found here. There's a png of the same view on a decent size monitor here. (This is actually the last slide in a series of slides; it's actually a gallery of the previous slides which bounces each slide onto the screen; if I had the time I'd look into the feasibility of the gallery being the only thing and transforming each scattered slide into view for a Prezi-style presentation; suspect QDeclarative isn't really performant enough though, which is one reason for wanting to get onto QtQuick2+Qt5.2's new scene graph stuff). Anyway, If you zoom the PDF up to 100% you'll see the text is... well it's better than anything a sanely sized image file will manage I think, although the sloping text baselines perhaps look a little uneven. There is also an issue with opacity values not being represented in the PDF (so the drop shadows and "bubbles" come out solid); another one of my motivations for trying for a QtQuick2 version was actually to see if translucent elements were dealt with any better. I assume the PDF just contains rasterized (or maybe vector outlines) of all the elements as utilities like "pdftotext" can't extract anything from it. I don't know enough about PDF tools to know how to inspect the internal structure of the thing but I assume there's some hierarchy there and the QML element tree is all laid out using a similar structure of nested transforms to the QML. Just for comparison and the sort of richness I'm potentially working towards here's a poster I did with LaTeX/Beamerposter; I find Beamerposter's rigid block structure rather limiting (and fiddly) compared with the possibilities QML seems to offer though. BTW, another thing on my wishlist/todolist is a QML element which can render LaTeX source, math and all, just to get the best of both worlds.

Update: Recent Qt blog post on all the backend changes in Qt5.8 has a comment linking to this Qt issue to use the new possibility of QPainter-rendered QtQuick scenes to render PDFs.

Answer 1

At the moment, there is no code in Qt that supports rendering of a scene graph to a pdf. The underlying data that is used to render Qt Quick 2 is held in the scene graph. As Laszlo suggests, you'd need to iterate the scene graph and generate PDF primitives. There's some impedance mismatch there, but it should be doable with some sweat. I think a proof of concept could be small enough to fit here, so I'll see how easy it could be :)

If you really want a PDF, you currently have no choice but to render it to a large image at 300dpi and wrap that in a PDF. The image doesn't have to be large if the poster has large areas of solid color. PDF can do do TIFF encoding and also JPEG encoding.