How to move placeholder to top on focus AND while typing?

Question

You could do it like this

HTML:

<div>
  <input type="text" class="inputText" />
  <span class="floating-label">Your email address</span>
</div>

CSS:

input:focus ~ .floating-label,
input:not(:focus):valid ~ .floating-label{
  top: 8px;
  bottom: 10px;
  left: 20px;
  font-size: 11px;
  opacity: 1;
}

.inputText {
  font-size: 14px;
  width: 200px;
  height: 35px;
}

.floating-label {
  position: absolute;
  pointer-events: none;
  left: 20px;
  top: 18px;
  transition: 0.2s ease all;
}

Working JSFiddle here https://jsfiddle.net/273ntk5s/2/

.user-input-wrp {
	position: relative;
	width: 50%;
}
.user-input-wrp .inputText{
	width: 100%;
	outline: none;
	border:none;
	border-bottom: 1px solid #777;
 	box-shadow: none !important;
}
.user-input-wrp .inputText:focus{
	border-color: blue;
	border-width: medium medium 2px;
}
.user-input-wrp .floating-label {
	position: absolute;
	pointer-events: none;
	top: 18px;
	left: 10px;
	transition: 0.2s ease all;
}
.user-input-wrp input:focus ~ .floating-label,
.user-input-wrp input:not(:focus):valid ~ .floating-label{
	top: 0px;
	left: 10px;
	font-size: 13px;
	opacity: 1;
}

<h1>The floating label</h1>
<div class="user-input-wrp">
  <br/>
  <input type="text" class="inputText" required/>
  <span class="floating-label">Your email address</span>
</div>

Modified the code from @user1846747 a little.

Only using HTML and css

.searchformfld{
    position: relative;
    margin: 5px 0px;
}
.searchformfld label{
    position: absolute;
    padding-left: 10px;
    top:15px;
    cursor: text;

}
.searchformfld input:focus + label,.searchformfld input:not(:placeholder-shown) + label{
    opacity:1;
    transform: scale(.9) translateY(-100%) translateX(-10px);
    color:#000;
}
.searchformfld input:focus{
    border:1px solid #000;
    outline-color: #000;
}
.searchformfld{
    padding: 15px;
    margin:15px 0px;
}
.searchformfld input{
    width:100%;
    padding-left: 10px;
}
.searchformfld label,.searchformfld input{
    transition: all 0.2s;
    transition-timing-function: ease;
    transition-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.1, 0.25, 1);
    opacity:0.5;
}

<div class="searchformfld">
            <input type="text" class="candidateName" id="candidateName" name="candidateName" placeholder=" "/>
            <label for="candidateName">Candidate name</label>
        </div>

That site isn't moving the placeholder, but placing a div (.floating-label) over the input, so when the input is focused the div just animates to be over the input. The key part here is using pointer-events: none; in the floating div, so when you click it the event goes through it to the input box behind it.

span{
  display:block;
  }
input:focus::-webkit-input-placeholder { color:transparent; }
input:focus:-moz-placeholder { color:transparent; } /* FF 4-18 */
input:focus::-moz-placeholder { color:transparent; } /* FF 19+ */
input:focus:-ms-input-placeholder { color:transparent; } /* IE 10+ */

<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.1.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function() {
  $('input').focus(function(){
    placeholder = $(this).attr('placeholder');
    if(placeholder != undefined){
      $(this).parent().prepend('<span class="input-placeholder">'+placeholder+'</span>');
    }
  });
  $('input').blur(function(){
    $(this).parent().find('.input-placeholder').remove();
  });
});
</script>
<div>
  <input type="text" class="inputText" placeholder="Email adress" required/>
</div>

You can try the below code. It only uses HTML and CSS and does not reply on Javascript or component libraries:

.text-field {
        position: relative;
        margin: 10px 2.5px 20px 2.5px;
    }

input {
        display: inline-block;
        border: thin solid #fafafa;
        border-bottom: solid medium #999;
        color: #444;
        background-color: #fafafa;
        padding: 10px 10px 10px 10px;
        border-top-left-radius: 10px;
        border-top-right-radius: 10px;
    }

    input:focus {
            border: thin solid #32cd32;
            border-bottom: solid medium #32cd32;
            background-color:#fff;
        }

label {
        color: #999;
        position: absolute;
        pointer-events: none;
        left: 10px;
        top: 10px;
        transition: 0.2s;
    }

input:focus ~ label, input:valid ~ label {
        top: -10px;
        left: 15px;
        font-size: small;
        color: #32cd32;
        background-color:#fff;
        padding:0 5px 0 5px;
    }

<div class="text-field">
                <input type="text" required>
                <label>Input field 1</label>
            </div>

            <div class="text-field">
                <input type="text" required>
                <label>Input field 2</label>
            </div>