How to make C# Switch Statement use IgnoreCase

Question

If I have a switch-case statement where the object in the switch is string, is it possible to do an ignoreCase compare?

I have for instance:

string s = "house"; switch (s) {   case "houSe": s = "window"; } 

Will s get the value "window"? How do I override the switch-case statement so it will compare the strings using ignoreCase?

Answer 1

A simpler approach is just lowercasing your string before it goes into the switch statement, and have the cases lower.

Actually, upper is a bit better from a pure extreme nanosecond performance standpoint, but less natural to look at.

E.g.:

string s = "house";  switch (s.ToLower()) {    case "house":      s = "window";      break; } 

Answer 2

As you seem to be aware, lowercasing two strings and comparing them is not the same as doing an ignore-case comparison. There are lots of reasons for this. For example, the Unicode standard allows text with diacritics to be encoded multiple ways. Some characters includes both the base character and the diacritic in a single code point. These characters may also be represented as the base character followed by a combining diacritic character. These two representations are equal for all purposes, and the culture-aware string comparisons in the .NET Framework will correctly identify them as equal, with either the CurrentCulture or the InvariantCulture (with or without IgnoreCase). An ordinal comparison, on the other hand, will incorrectly regard them as unequal.

Unfortunately, switch doesn't do anything but an ordinal comparison. An ordinal comparison is fine for certain kinds of applications, like parsing an ASCII file with rigidly defined codes, but ordinal string comparison is wrong for most other uses.

What I have done in the past to get the correct behavior is just mock up my own switch statement. There are lots of ways to do this. One way would be to create a List<T> of pairs of case strings and delegates. The list can be searched using the proper string comparison. When the match is found then the associated delegate may be invoked.

Another option is to do the obvious chain of if statements. This usually turns out to be not as bad as it sounds, since the structure is very regular.

The great thing about this is that there isn't really any performance penalty in mocking up your own switch functionality when comparing against strings. The system isn't going to make a O(1) jump table the way it can with integers, so it's going to be comparing each string one at a time anyway.

If there are many cases to be compared, and performance is an issue, then the List<T> option described above could be replaced with a sorted dictionary or hash table. Then the performance may potentially match or exceed the switch statement option.

Here is an example of the list of delegates:

delegate void CustomSwitchDestination(); List<KeyValuePair<string, CustomSwitchDestination>> customSwitchList; CustomSwitchDestination defaultSwitchDestination = new CustomSwitchDestination(NoMatchFound); void CustomSwitch(string value) {     foreach (var switchOption in customSwitchList)         if (switchOption.Key.Equals(value, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))         {             switchOption.Value.Invoke();             return;         }     defaultSwitchDestination.Invoke(); } 

Of course, you will probably want to add some standard parameters and possibly a return type to the CustomSwitchDestination delegate. And you'll want to make better names!

If the behavior of each of your cases is not amenable to delegate invocation in this manner, such as if differnt parameters are necessary, then you’re stuck with chained if statments. I’ve also done this a few times.

    if (s.Equals("house", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))     {         s = "window";     }     else if (s.Equals("business", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))     {         s = "really big window";     }     else if (s.Equals("school", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))     {         s = "broken window";     }