How to import modules in Google App Engine?

Question

I have created a simple GAE app based on the default template. I want to add an external module like short_url. How do I do this? The directions that I have found so far are confusing and GAE doesn't seem to use PYTHONPATH for obvious reasons I guess.

Answer 1

Simply place the short_url.py file in your app's directory.

Sample App Engine project:

 myapp/     app.yaml     index.yaml     main.py     short_url.py     views.py 

And in views.py (or wherever), you can then import like so:

import short_url 

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For more complex projects, perhaps a better method is to create a directory especially for dependencies; say lib:

 myapp/     lib/         __init__.py         short_url.py     app.yaml     index.yaml     main.py     views.py 

from lib import short_url 

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Edit #2:
Apologies, I should have mentioned this earlier. You need modify your path, thanks to Nick Johnson for the following fix.
Ensure that this code is run before starting up your app; something like this:

import os import sys  def fix_path():     # credit:  Nick Johnson of Google     sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'lib'))  def main():     url_map = [ ('/', views.IndexHandler),] # etc.     app = webapp.WSGIApplication(url_map, debug=False)     wsgiref.handlers.CGIHandler().run(app)  if __name__ == "__main__":     fix_path()     main() 

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Edit3:
To get this code to run before all other imports, you can put the path managing code in a file of its own in your app's base directory (Python recognizes everything in that directory without any path modifications).
And then you'd just ensure that this import

import fix_path 

...is listed before all other imports in your main.py file.
Here's a link to full, working example in case my explanation wasn't clear.

Answer 2

i will second the answers given by @Adam Bernier and @S.Mark, although adam's explains things is a bit more detail. in general, you can add any pure Python module/package to your App Engine directory and use as-is, as long as they don't try to work outside of the sandbox, i.e, cannot create files, cannot open network sockets, etc.

also keep in mind the hard limits:

• maximum total number of files (app files and static files): 3,000
• maximum size of an application file: 10 megabytes
• maximum size of a static file: 10 megabytes
• maximum total size of all application and static files: 150 megabytes

UPDATE (Oct 2011): most of these numbers have been increased to:

• maximum total number of files (app files and static files): 10,000
• maximum size of an application file: 32MB
• maximum size of a static file: 32MB

UPDATE (Jun 2012): the last limit was bumped up to:

• maximum total size of all application and static files: 1GB