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In Python, how do you get the last element of a list?
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To get the last element of the list in Python, use the list[-1] syntax. The list[-n] syntax gets the nth-to-last element. So list[-1] gets the last element, and list[-2] gets the second to last. The list[-1] is the most preferable, shortest, and Pythonic way to get the last element.
To access the last element of a Python list, use the indexing notation list[-1] with negative index -1 which points to the last list element. To access the second-, third-, and fourth-last elements, use the indices -2 , -3 , and -4 .
some_list[-1] is the shortest and most Pythonic.
In fact, you can do much more with this syntax. The some_list[-n] syntax gets the nth-to-last element. So some_list[-1] gets the last element, some_list[-2] gets the second to last, etc, all the way down to some_list[-len(some_list)], which gives you the first element.
You can also set list elements in this way. For instance:
>>> some_list = [1, 2, 3] >>> some_list[-1] = 5 # Set the last element >>> some_list[-2] = 3 # Set the second to last element >>> some_list [1, 3, 5] Note that getting a list item by index will raise an IndexError if the expected item doesn't exist. This means that some_list[-1] will raise an exception if some_list is empty, because an empty list can't have a last element.
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