How to execute a Javascript function only after multiple other functions have completed?

Question

My specific problem is that I need to execute a (potentially) large number of Javascript functions to prepare something like a batch file (each function call adds some information to the same batch file) and then, after all those calls are completed, execute a final function to send the batch file (say, send it as an HTML response). I'm looking for a general Javascript programming pattern for this.

Generalize problem: Given the Javascript functions funcA(), funcB(), and funcC(), I would to figure out the best way to order execution so that funcC is only executed after after funcA and funcB have executed. I know that I could use nested callback functions like this:

funcA = function() {
    //Does funcA stuff
    funcB();
}
funcB = function() {
    //Does funcB stuff
    funcC();
}

funcA();

I could even make this pattern a little more general by passing in callback parameters, however, this solution becomes quite verbose.

I am also familiar with Javascript function chaining where a solution might look like:

myObj = {}
myObj.answer = ""
myObj.funcA = function() {
    //Do some work on this.answer
    return this;
}
myObj.funcB = function() {
    //Do some more work on this.answer
    return this;
}
myObj.funcC = function() {
    //Use the value of this.answer now that funcA and funcB have made their modifications
    return this;
}
myObj.funcA().funcB().funcC();

While this solution seems a little cleaner to me, as you add more steps to the computation, the chain of function executions grows longer and longer.

For my specific problem, the order in which funcA, funcB, etc. are executed DOES NOT matter. So in my solutions above, I am technically doing more work than is required because I am placing all the functions in a serial ordering. All that matters to me is that funcC (some function for sending the result or firing off a request) is only called after funcA and funcB have ALL completed execution. Ideally, funcC could somehow listen for all the intermediate function calls to complete and THEN would execute? I hoping to learn a general Javascript pattern to solve such a problem.

Thanks for your help.

Another Idea: Maybe pass a shared object to funcA and funcB and when they complete execution mark the shared object like sharedThing.funcA = "complete" or sharedThing.funcB = "complete" and then somehow? have funcC execute when the shared object reaches a state where all fields are marked complete. I'm not sure how exactly you could make funcC wait for this.

Edit: I should note that I'm using server-side Javascript (Node.js) and I would like to learn a pattern to solve it just using plain old Javascript (without the use of jQuery or other libraries). Surely this problem is general enough that there is a clean pure-Javascript solution?

Answer 1

If you want to keep it simple, you can use a counter-based callbacks system. Here's a draft of a system that allows when(A, B).then(C) syntax. (when/then is actually just sugar, but then again the whole system arguably is.)

var when = function() {
  var args = arguments;  // the functions to execute first
  return {
    then: function(done) {
      var counter = 0;
      for(var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
        // call each function with a function to call on done
        args[i](function() {
          counter++;
          if(counter === args.length) {  // all functions have notified they're done
            done();
          }
        });
      }
    }
  };
};

Usage:

when(
  function(done) {
    // do things
    done();
  },
  function(done) {
    // do things
    setTimeout(done, 1000);
  },
  ...
).then(function() {
  // all are done
});

Answer 2

If you don't use any asynchronous functions and your script doesn't break the order of execution, then the most simple solution is, as stated by Pointy and others:

funcA(); 
funcB();
funcC();

However, since you're using node.js, I believe you're going to use asynchronous functions and want to execute funcC after a async IO request has finished, so you have to use some kind of counting mechanisms, for example:

var call_after_completion = function(callback){
    this._callback = callback;
    this._args = [].slice.call(arguments,1);
    this._queue = {};
    this._count = 0;
    this._run = false;
}

call_after_completion.prototype.add_condition = function(str){
    if(this._queue[str] !== undefined)
        throw new TypeError("Identifier '"+str+"' used twice");
    else if(typeof str !== "String" && str.toString === undefined)
        throw new TypeError("Identifier has to be a string or needs a toString method");

    this._queue[str] = 1;
    this._count++;
    return str;
}

call_after_completion.prototype.remove_condition = function(str){
    if(this._queue[str] === undefined){
        console.log("Removal of condition '"+str+"' has no effect");
        return;
    }
    else if(typeof str !== "String" && str.toString === undefined)
        throw new TypeError("Identifier has to be a string or needs a toString method");

    delete this._queue[str];

    if(--this._count === 0 && this._run === false){
        this._run = true;
        this._callback.apply(null,this._args);
    }
}

You can simplify this object by ignoring the identifier str and just increasing/decreasing this._count, however this system could be useful for debugging.

In order to use call_after_completion you simply create a new call_after_completion with your desired function func as argument and add_conditions. func will only be called if all conditions have been removed.

Example:

var foo = function(){console.log("foo");}
var bar = new call_after_completion(foo);
var i;

bar.add_condition("foo:3-Second-Timer");
bar.add_condition("foo:additional function");
bar.add_condition("foo:for-loop-finished");

function additional_stuff(cond){
    console.log("additional things");
    cond.remove_condition("foo:additional function");
}

for(i = 0; i < 1000; ++i){

}
console.log("for loop finished");
bar.remove_condition("foo:for-loop-finished");
additional_stuff(bar);

setTimeout(function(){
    console.log("3 second timeout");
    bar.remove_condition("foo:3-Second-Timer");
},3000);

JSFiddle Demo

Answer 3

If you don't want to use any helper libraries, than you need to write some helper yourself, there's no simple one line solution for this.

If you'd like to end with something that looks as readable as it would in synchronous case, try some deferred/promise concept implementation (it's still plain JavaScript), e.g. using deferred package you may end up with something as simple as:

// Invoke one after another:
funcA()(funcB)(funcC);

// Invoke funcA and funcB simultaneously and afterwards funcC:
funcA()(funcB())(funcC);

// If want result of both funcA and funcB to be passed to funcC:
deferred(funcA(), funcB())(funcC);