I'm going to work on a Shopify theme, and I want to figure out how to run/edit it locally. I'd like to be able to the following, if possible:
Is this at all possible?
The short answer is: no, you can't. It's not possible to install/run Shopify locally to your own server like Wordpress. Shopify is software-as-a-service SaaS which means that Shopify owns the servers and installs/updates/maintains the software that ultimately powers your store.
To set up a local environment, you will need the Shopify Theme Kit. The Theme Kit is a cross-platform tool that works on Windows, Linux, and macOS. Theme Kit allows you to use workflow tools like Git, use your preferred text editor, and work on your theme with a team.
In the Theme library section, click Upload theme. From the Upload theme window, click Choose File to select the ZIP file that you want to upload. Click Upload. The theme will be added to the Themes page of your admin.
There are quite a few workflows you can use here.
If you're using either Gulp or Grunt locally for development, there are libraries out there that will upload your files to the store through API credentials of a Private App that you have to create. Most work by uploading the files you change, using a watcher.
Theme Kit is a cross-platform CLI tool that was built by Shopify Employees. It can run on windows/linux/OS X. You can read more about it on Shopify Blog or download it directly. The alternative previously mentioned of Desktop Theme Editor is deprecated and has been replaced by Theme Kit.
Instead of watching for changes, these will work with a continuos integration workflow, where your latest push on a certain branch gets uploaded to the theme you've selected.
There's also an alternative not officially supported by Shopify which is a TextMate Bundle in case you use that OSX editor.
There's an unofficial extended cli similar to theme kit but with further functionality called Quickshot, which I've just found out based on Matt's response and seems pretty awesome. Some of the features they highlight are:
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