The answer is simple, on manually opening a URL, the browser automatically imports the required certificates, and no error occurs. Simultaneously, in Selenium WebDriver, each run occurs on a new profile that doesn't have the SSL Certificates, hence the error.
SO to resolve this issue, we can create a Firefox profile manually, and after that, we can use the same profile with our selenium webdriver.
Handle Untrusted Certificate SeleniumStep 1-We have to create FirefoxProfile in Selenium. Step 2- We have some predefined method in Selenium called setAcceptUntrustedCertificates() which accept Boolean values(true/false)- so we will make it true. Step 3-Open Firefox browser with the above-created profile.
For the Firefox, you need to set accept_untrusted_certs
FirefoxProfile()
option to True
:
from selenium import webdriver
profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile()
profile.accept_untrusted_certs = True
driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=profile)
driver.get('https://cacert.org/')
driver.close()
For Chrome, you need to add --ignore-certificate-errors
ChromeOptions()
argument:
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('ignore-certificate-errors')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)
driver.get('https://cacert.org/')
driver.close()
For the Internet Explorer, you need to set acceptSslCerts
desired capability:
from selenium import webdriver
capabilities = webdriver.DesiredCapabilities().INTERNETEXPLORER
capabilities['acceptSslCerts'] = True
driver = webdriver.Ie(capabilities=capabilities)
driver.get('https://cacert.org/')
driver.close()
Actually, according to the Desired Capabilities
documentation, setting acceptSslCerts
capability to True
should work for all browsers since it is a generic read/write capability:
acceptSslCerts
boolean
Whether the session should accept all SSL certs by default.
Working demo for Firefox:
>>> from selenium import webdriver
Setting acceptSslCerts
to False
:
>>> capabilities = webdriver.DesiredCapabilities().FIREFOX
>>> capabilities['acceptSslCerts'] = False
>>> driver = webdriver.Firefox(capabilities=capabilities)
>>> driver.get('https://cacert.org/')
>>> print(driver.title)
Untrusted Connection
>>> driver.close()
Setting acceptSslCerts
to True
:
>>> capabilities = webdriver.DesiredCapabilities().FIREFOX
>>> capabilities['acceptSslCerts'] = True
>>> driver = webdriver.Firefox(capabilities=capabilities)
>>> driver.get('https://cacert.org/')
>>> print(driver.title)
Welcome to CAcert.org
>>> driver.close()
For Firefox:
ProfilesIni profile = new ProfilesIni();
FirefoxProfile myprofile = profile.getProfile("default");
myprofile.setAcceptUntrustedCertificates(true);
myprofile.setAssumeUntrustedCertificateIssuer(true);
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(myprofile);
For Chrome we can use:
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
capabilities.setCapability("chrome.switches", Arrays.asList("--ignore-certificate-errors"));
driver = new ChromeDriver(capabilities);
For Internet Explorer we can use:
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.ACCEPT_SSL_CERTS, true);
Webdriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(capabilities);
For Firefox Python:
The Firefox Self-signed certificate bug has now been fixed: accept ssl cert with marionette firefox webdrive python splinter
"acceptSslCerts" should be replaced by "acceptInsecureCerts"
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_binary import FirefoxBinary
caps = DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX.copy()
caps['acceptInsecureCerts'] = True
ff_binary = FirefoxBinary("path to the Nightly binary")
driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_binary=ff_binary, capabilities=caps)
driver.get("https://expired.badssl.com")
For people coming to this question related to headless chrome via python selenium, you may find https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=721739#c102 to be useful.
It looks like you can either do
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument('--allow-insecure-localhost')
or something along the lines of the following (may need to adapt for python):
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions()
DesiredCapabilities caps = DesiredCapabilities.chrome()
caps.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY, options)
caps.setCapability("acceptInsecureCerts", true)
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(caps)
And in C# (.net core) using Selenium.Webdriver
and Selenium.Chrome.Webdriver
like this:
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.AddArgument("--ignore-certificate-errors");
using (var driver = new ChromeDriver(Path.GetDirectoryName(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location),options))
{
...
}
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions().addArguments("--proxy-server=http://" + proxy);
options.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true);
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