How to check if an object is created with `with` statement?

Question

I would like to ensure that the class is only instantiated within a "with" statement.

i.e. this one is ok:

with X() as x:
 ...

and this is not:

x = X()

How can I ensure such functionality?

Answer 1

All answers so far do not provide what (I think) OP wants directly.
(I think) OP wants something like this:

>>> with X() as x:
 ...  # ok

>>> x = X()  # ERROR

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "run.py", line 18, in <module>
    x = X()
  File "run.py", line 9, in __init__
    raise Exception("Should only be used with `with`")
Exception: Should only be used with `with`

This is what I come up with, it may not be very robust, but I think it's closest to OP's intention.

import inspect
import linecache

class X():
    
    def __init__(self):
        if not linecache.getline(__file__,
            inspect.getlineno(inspect.currentframe().f_back)).lstrip(
        ).startswith("with "):
            raise Exception("Should only be used with `with`")

    def __enter__(self):
        return self
    
    def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
        pass

This will give the exact same output as I showed above as long as with is in the same line with X() when using context manager.

Answer 2

There is no straight forward way, as far as I know. But, you can have a boolean flag, to check if __enter__ was invoked, before the actual methods in the objects were called.

class MyContextManager(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.__is_context_manager = False

    def __enter__(self):
        print "Entered"
        self.__is_context_manager = True
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        print "Exited"

    def do_something(self):
        if not self.__is_context_manager:
            raise Exception("MyContextManager should be used only with `with`")

        print "I don't know what I am doing"

When you use it with with,

with MyContextManager() as y:
    y.do_something()

you will get

Entered
I don't know what I am doing
Exited

But, when you manually create an object, and invoke do_something,

x = MyContextManager()
x.do_something()

you will get

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/thefourtheye/Desktop/Test.py", line 22, in <module>
    x.do_something()
  File "/home/thefourtheye/Desktop/Test.py", line 16, in do_something
    raise Exception("MyContextManager should be used only with `with`")
Exception: MyContextManager should be used only with `with`

Note: This is not a solid solution. Somebody can directly invoke __enter__ method alone, before calling any other methods and the __exit__ method may never be called in that case.

If you don't want to repeat that check in every function, you can make it a decorator, like this

class MyContextManager(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.__is_context_manager = False

    def __enter__(self):
        print "Entered"
        self.__is_context_manager = True
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        print "Exited"

    def ensure_context_manager(func):
        def inner_function(self, *args, **kwargs):
            if not self.__is_context_manager:
                raise Exception("This object should be used only with `with`")

            return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
        return inner_function

    @ensure_context_manager
    def do_something(self):
        print "I don't know what I am doing"