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How to change plot background color?

I am making a scatter plot in matplotlib and need to change the background of the actual plot to black. I know how to change the face color of the plot using:

fig = plt.figure()
fig.patch.set_facecolor('xkcd:mint green')

enter image description here

My issue is that this changes the color of the space around the plot. How to I change the actual background color of the plot?

like image 567
user1764386 Avatar asked Dec 30 '12 06:12

user1764386


2 Answers

Use the set_facecolor(color) method of the axes object, which you've created one of the following ways:

  • You created a figure and axis/es together

    fig, ax = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=1)
    
  • You created a figure, then axis/es later

    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1) # nrows, ncols, index
    
  • You used the stateful API (if you're doing anything more than a few lines, and especially if you have multiple plots, the object-oriented methods above make life easier because you can refer to specific figures, plot on certain axes, and customize either)

    plt.plot(...)
    ax = plt.gca()
    

Then you can use set_facecolor:

ax.set_facecolor('xkcd:salmon')
ax.set_facecolor((1.0, 0.47, 0.42))

example plot with pink background on the axes

As a refresher for what colors can be:

matplotlib.colors

Matplotlib recognizes the following formats to specify a color:

  • an RGB or RGBA tuple of float values in [0, 1] (e.g., (0.1, 0.2, 0.5) or (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.3));
  • a hex RGB or RGBA string (e.g., '#0F0F0F' or '#0F0F0F0F');
  • a string representation of a float value in [0, 1] inclusive for gray level (e.g., '0.5');
  • one of {'b', 'g', 'r', 'c', 'm', 'y', 'k', 'w'};
  • a X11/CSS4 color name;
  • a name from the xkcd color survey; prefixed with 'xkcd:' (e.g., 'xkcd:sky blue');
  • one of {'tab:blue', 'tab:orange', 'tab:green', 'tab:red', 'tab:purple', 'tab:brown', 'tab:pink', 'tab:gray', 'tab:olive', 'tab:cyan'} which are the Tableau Colors from the ‘T10’ categorical palette (which is the default color cycle);
  • a “CN” color spec, i.e. 'C' followed by a single digit, which is an index into the default property cycle (matplotlib.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle']); the indexing occurs at artist creation time and defaults to black if the cycle does not include color.

All string specifications of color, other than “CN”, are case-insensitive.

like image 138
Nick T Avatar answered Oct 22 '22 21:10

Nick T


One method is to manually set the default for the axis background color within your script (see Customizing matplotlib):

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['axes.facecolor'] = 'black'

This is in contrast to Nick T's method which changes the background color for a specific axes object. Resetting the defaults is useful if you're making multiple different plots with similar styles and don't want to keep changing different axes objects.

Note: The equivalent for

fig = plt.figure()
fig.patch.set_facecolor('black')

from your question is:

plt.rcParams['figure.facecolor'] = 'black'
like image 95
BurlyPaulson Avatar answered Oct 22 '22 21:10

BurlyPaulson