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I'd like to know, how many threads can a C++ application create at most. Does OS, hardware caps and other factors influence on these bounds?
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The pthread_create() function can only create one thread.
On Windows machines, there's no limit specified for threads. Thus, we can create as many threads as we want, until our system runs out of available system memory.
General rule of thumb for threading an application: 1 thread per CPU Core. On a quad core PC that means 4. As was noted, the XBox 360 however has 3 cores but 2 hardware threads each, so 6 threads in this case.
A single CPU core can have up-to 2 threads per core. For example, if a CPU is dual core (i.e., 2 cores) it will have 4 threads.
[C++11: 1.10/1]:[..] Under a hosted implementation, a C++ program can have more than one thread running concurrently. [..] Under a freestanding implementation, it is implementation-defined whether a program can have more than one thread of execution.
[C++11: 30.3/1]:30.3 describes components that can be used to create and manage threads. [ Note: These threads are intended to map one-to-one with operating system threads. —end note ]
So, basically, it's totally up to the implementation & OS; C++ doesn't care!
It doesn't even list a recommendation in Annex B "Implementation quantities"! (which seems like an omission, actually).
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