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Since computers cannot pick random numbers(can they?) how is this random number actually generated. For example in C# we say,
Random.Next()
What happens inside?
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A true random number generator (TRNG), also known as a hardware random number generator (HRNG), does not use a computer algorithm. Instead, it uses an external unpredictable physical variable such as radioactive decay of isotopes or airwave static to generate random numbers.
But it turns out some – even most – computer-generated “random” numbers aren't actually random. They can follow subtle patterns that can be observed over long periods of time, or over many instances of generating random numbers.
rand() function is an inbuilt function in C++ STL, which is defined in header file <cstdlib>. rand() is used to generate a series of random numbers. The random number is generated by using an algorithm that gives a series of non-related numbers whenever this function is called.
The time complexity of the random number generator is O(1). The time it takes does not increase as you have more random numbers.
You may checkout this article. According to the documentation the specific implementation used in .NET is based on Donald E. Knuth's subtractive random number generator algorithm. For more information, see D. E. Knuth. "The Art of Computer Programming, volume 2: Seminumerical Algorithms". Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, second edition, 1981.
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